Partitions and walls - what's the difference?

Often people search on the Internet for information about plasterboard partitions, but mean walls, and vice versa, they look for plasterboard walls, but mean other structures. So what is the difference between a wall and a partition?

Wall or partition?

The walls are distinctive, although outwardly identical. Each design has its own characteristics, which you should familiarize yourself with before undertaking a home redevelopment.

If this issue is approached illiterately, then it can reveal serious problems, even a threat to human health.

The difference between a wall and a partition

Various designs are used to delimit space and separate one room from another. So, a full wall or partition can be installed. It would seem that this is the same thing. But actually it is not. The designs have a lot of differences.

In order to understand the difference between a wall and a partition, you should consider both types of structures.

Catalog of our products - we work in Moscow and the Moscow region

Purpose of the wall

The wall and the partition perform different functions. A wall is an integral part of the building, which is designed to separate one room from another. It can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Load-bearing structures are prohibited from being demolished, as this will violate the integrity of the structure and may lead to its destruction.

Materials for construction

Various materials are used to build the wall. It could be:

The material is selected depending on the specifics of the room and the desired effect.

The result is a stationary, reliable structure.

Purpose of the partition

Unlike a wall, a partition is a structure that is designed to zone space. When used, it is possible to effectively separate one part of the space from another.

If necessary, such structures can be demolished, moved, etc. They vary in size, height, design and other characteristics.

Materials for making partitions

The following materials can be used to construct the structure:

glass;
drywall;
glass blocks;
plastic and other panels.

Other materials may also be used.

Types of partitions

Designs may differ in their functional features. In specialized companies you can order the production of the following types of structures:

stationary;
sliding;
mobile;
transformable.

Such partitions vary in appearance and features.

The sliding system has doors that can be pulled apart if necessary, thereby creating a passage.

The mobile partition can be moved from one place to another. This way you can periodically change the design of the room.

A transformable structure can change its appearance.

Comparison of wall and partition

According to SNIP, the difference between a wall and a partition is significant. A wall is a load-bearing enclosing structure.

The partition is non-load-bearing. Both structures are being built in accordance with existing codes and regulations.

In order to understand the differences between the two types of structures, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the comparative table, which indicates the functions and characteristics of the structures.

Wall

Partition

As you can see, partitions have many more advantages. These are convenient structures, the construction of which does not take much time. When using them, you can quickly delimit space without spending a lot of time and money.

At the same time, it is important to understand that it will not be possible to achieve complete privacy when using a partition.

You can learn more about partitions and see how they look in real room design by watching the video:

You can order the production of partitions of various sizes and designs from Revecon. Our company produces structures of any level of complexity and configuration. Our craftsmen are ready to quickly complete your order. Such partitions will decorate the design and organically integrate into the overall concept

DIY device features

Self-installation of partitions has features depending on the selected type. Several important points to consider when installing masonry structures:

For all types, construction begins with marking . This is a critical stage on which the smoothness of the installation and the reliability of the structure depend.
Masonry blocks near the walls should, at a minimum, be secured to the wall every other row with a fastening bracket (an angle from a profile), and the brick partition masonry should be reinforced with a reinforcing rod with a diameter of 4–6 mm. Each block must be attached to the ceiling.
The slabs should be laid in the corners so that they overlap the joints of the lower rows . The outer corners of the structure need to be reinforced with a perforated PU profile 25x25, and the inner corners with sickle and putty.
Each subsequent level slab is installed with a vertical joint offset of at least 10 cm.
In the process of laying tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks or cellular concrete blocks, the verticality and horizontality of each exposed block should be checked with a level. Deviations should not exceed 2 mm .
When installing a double partition, the distance between the blocks in thickness is at least 40 mm. If the opening width is up to 90 cm, its joining can be done without reinforcement; if it is larger, then the length of the lintel beam on each side is at least 500 mm.

We recommend: Types of fender boards

Difference between wall and partition

Despite the fact that externally the wall and the partition look almost the same, the difference between them is great. It is especially important to know about it when the question of redevelopment arises, because the consequences of illiterate actions can also pose physical danger.

Definition

A wall is a structure that separates the interior space of a building from the surrounding space or delimits rooms within the building itself.

Wall

A partition is a structure constructed to isolate zones in the common space of one floor.

Partition

Comparison

Each of these building elements performs its own function. The purpose of the walls is to impart rigidity to the entire structure, support the floors and transfer the load from them to the foundation. External walls also protect the room from rain and wind. Internal - divide the total area into zones. Partitions are installed only inside the building. Their function is mainly separative.

In connection with their purpose, the main difference between a wall and a partition is the load each of them experiences. The wall acts as a load-bearing element. It withstands its own weight and the pressure of parts of the building resting on it, and also resists the wind. The wall is built on a foundation. The partition is most often a non-load-bearing element, loaded only with its own weight. It rests on logs and purlins; lightweight structures are mounted directly to the floor.

Specific requirements for walls are: increased strength, significant thickness, frost resistance, durability. The partitions may not be so strong; they are often quite thin and light. Although such structures are sometimes subject to separate requirements. For example, a partition isolating a bathroom must be moisture resistant, and an inter-apartment partition must provide good sound insulation.

What is the difference between a wall and a partition in terms of the possibility of carrying out any actions with them? The fact is that it is impossible to make changes to the structure of the wall without the appropriate permission. In this case, you should not rely only on your own visual assessment, so as not to cause damage to the entire building.

Regarding partitions, not everything is so clear. Those of them that are installed during the construction of the house can serve as a spacer that supports the ceiling. It is not allowed to remove such elements or make large openings in them. If the partition is installed in an already finished house, then it is permissible to do whatever you want with it, including demolition. If you are just planning to install a partition, you should carefully select the material so that the ceiling can support its weight.

Table

Wall	Partition
Supporting, protective, separating function	Mainly separating function
Basic structure	Most often non-load-bearing structure
Installed on the foundation	Can be mounted to the floor
Quite thick, very strong, frost-resistant, durable	Can be thin and light
Intervention without permission is prohibited	Often permission to modify or demolish a structure is not required

The difference between walls and partitions

Wall or partition?

The walls are distinctive, although outwardly identical. Each design has its own characteristics, which you should familiarize yourself with before undertaking a home redevelopment.

If this issue is approached illiterately, then it can reveal serious problems, even a threat to human health.

Full contents of the material

Concepts of partitions and walls

A wall is a structure that separates the interior of a building from the outside world or delimits rooms within the building itself. This is the load-bearing part of the structure; without it, the house simply would not stand.

There is a partition at the head of the bed, a wall at the side

Partitions are structures that divide the total area of an apartment or room into parts:

separate room;
corridor;
bathroom and bath, etc.

That is, this structure is not a load-bearing part of the building and can be installed anywhere inside the house.

Partition in the interior of the apartment

A plasterboard partition is a structure consisting, in most cases, of a metal frame, a sealant in the form of stone wool and lined with plasterboard sheets.

A plasterboard wall is a durable frame made of metal profiles, which are attached to the floor and ceiling, electrical wiring is carried out inside, the entire structure is sheathed with plasterboard sheets, sometimes in 2 layers. Doorways are often installed in the wall.

Plasterboard partition with door Return to contents

Differences between a wall and a partition

Both the wall and the partition perform their functions:

The supporting structure mainly provides strength and rigidity to the structure. External walls create a room and protect from all weather conditions, as well as negative environmental conditions.

The strength of the house also depends on the load-bearing walls. The internal structure supports the ceiling and rests on the foundation. It divides the total area into rooms, thereby creating a living space.

Here the load-bearing wall is the structure behind the back of the sofa, but part of it is illegally missing. The partition is installed inside the room, thereby organizing separate soundproofing places for rest and work.

Plasterboard partition in a one-room apartment

Based on their functions, the main difference is revealed - the partition structure bears the least load from the entire room, while the load-bearing structure takes on the main load from the ceiling. An additional structure often has a load only from its own weight - a metal frame with sound-proofing material and gypsum board.

Types of partitions

Unlike the load-bearing element of the house, the additional structure can be demolished, moved, and placed in the right place. Depending on the type of partition design, there are:

The first mobile type is a temporary, fast, thin plasterboard structure that can divide or combine a room. Mobile views can be easily installed with your own hands and change the room beyond recognition.

This plasterboard partition is very simple

The stationary type is a durable structure that cannot be quickly rearranged. It is installed not only for additional decor of the room, but also to create a separate place, for example, for study. Stationary - weighed down only by its own weight; an addition can be hanging decorative elements, as well as monitors and speakers. At the same time, this structure, resting on the foundation and ceiling, must meet the requirements:

The floor covering must withstand a certain load.
The ceiling must be supported by a load-bearing wall so that the permanent structure does not bear much weight.
The structure itself must be strong, in order to avoid damaging the “skeleton” of the house itself, so that a certain load falls on it.
In addition, the partition partition made of plasterboard must be resistant to external mechanical influences - when rearranging furniture.

Plasterboard partition in the bathroom

Based on all this, the stationary type of structure should not be too massive so as not to increase the load on the floor in an apartment building or on the floor covering in a private house.

Plasterboard partition for zoning a room Return to contents

Differences between partitions and walls according to SNiP, GOST

To save square meters in an apartment, plasterboard products are created thin, but at the same time they must be soundproof. For wall ceilings between apartment rooms, according to SNiP 51.13330.2011 “Noise Protection” (as amended by SNiP 03/23/2003), Rw (sound insulation index) should be 52 dB. Thermal and sound insulation concepts are similar. But you should know that not every type of insulation can absorb sound perfectly. Therefore, when installing a plasterboard structure, you should determine its functions. Fibrous types of insulation, such as stone wool, provide excellent thermal insulation, and foam fillers are good soundproofing materials.

What does a plasterboard partition consist of?

In contrast to the partition structure of their profiles, the wall structure is built strictly according to the GOST standard - 0.12-0.64 meters. This gap of 52 cm gives every right to insulate the wall and cover it with plasterboard in 2 layers.

The load-bearing walls inside the building have a thickness of 0.25 meters according to GOST. They are much thinner than street bases, but it is also possible to cover them with plasterboard with soundproofing material.

Watch several videos about how walls and partitions are made from gypsum plasterboard.

Definition

A wall is a structure that separates the interior of a building from its surroundings or encloses the premises of the building itself.
Wall

A partition is a structure erected to separate zones in the common space of a floor.

Difference between fire wall and fire partition

Good afternoon The topic is not entirely covered and extensive, so I’ll start in order. For example, we take a 7-story, 4-section residential building. Floor area within the limits. compartment is not exceeded. Sections are divided as follows:

Those. between sections 1-2 and 3-4 - expansion joint. I don't know yet whether this is important.

For external fire extinguishing, the building falls into the category (Table 2 SP 8). Then look at paragraph 5.4:



partitions - internal walls that absorb loads only from their own weight and wind (with open window openings) within one floor with a height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, walls of this type are conditionally classified as self-supporting SP 15.13330.2012 Stone and reinforced masonry structures. Updated version of SNiP II-22-81*


GOST R 12.3.047-98 – FIRE SAFETY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. CONTROL METHODS https://pozhproekt.ru/nsis/Gost_r/Pri. U.5 Fire walls must be supported by foundations or foundation beams, erected to the entire height of the building, and cross all structures and floors.


Wow! Thank you!


And if the fire wall rests on a type 1 fire ceiling. For example, when separating built-in parking lots, although this is possible, the definition is not entirely correct.


CG2 5.4.9 Fire walls may be installed directly on the frame structure of a building or structure.


SP 15.13330.2012 9.6 Stone walls, depending on the structural design of the building, are divided into: load-bearing, in addition to loads from their own weight and wind, also loads from coatings, ceilings, cranes, etc.; self-supporting, taking the load only from the own weight of the walls of all overlying floors of buildings and wind load; non-load-bearing (including hinged), taking the load only from their own weight and wind within one floor with a floor height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, these walls are self-supporting; partitions - internal walls that absorb loads only from their own weight and wind (with open window openings) within one floor with a height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, walls of this type are conventionally classified as self-supporting. In buildings with self-supporting and non-load-bearing external walls, loads from coatings, ceilings, etc. transferred to the frame or other supporting structures of buildings.


It has a separating, fencing and supporting function.	Delimits space
This is a load-bearing structure	Does not perform a load-bearing function
Installed on foundation	Can be mounted on the floor surface
Has considerable thickness	It is a lightweight design
Features high heat and sound insulation characteristics	Practically does not protect a separate area from the penetration of sounds and cool air from outside
Demolition requires approval from the relevant authorities	Construction, relocation, demolition and other actions do not require approval from government agencies.
Built by experienced masons	Installation can be done independently


partitions - internal walls that absorb loads only from their own weight and wind (with open window openings) within one floor with a height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, walls of this type are conditionally classified as self-supporting SP 15.13330.2012 Stone and reinforced masonry structures. Updated version of SNiP II-22-81*


GOST R 12.3.047-98 – FIRE SAFETY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. CONTROL METHODS https://pozhproekt.ru/nsis/Gost_r/Pri. U.5 Fire walls must be supported by foundations or foundation beams, erected to the entire height of the building, and cross all structures and floors.


Wow! Thank you!


And if the fire wall rests on a type 1 fire ceiling. For example, when separating built-in parking lots, although this is possible, the definition is not entirely correct.


CG2 5.4.9 Fire walls may be installed directly on the frame structure of a building or structure.


SP 15.13330.2012 9.6 Stone walls, depending on the structural design of the building, are divided into: load-bearing, in addition to loads from their own weight and wind, also loads from coatings, ceilings, cranes, etc.; self-supporting, taking the load only from the own weight of the walls of all overlying floors of buildings and wind load; non-load-bearing (including hinged), taking the load only from their own weight and wind within one floor with a floor height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, these walls are self-supporting; partitions - internal walls that absorb loads only from their own weight and wind (with open window openings) within one floor with a height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, walls of this type are conventionally classified as self-supporting. In buildings with self-supporting and non-load-bearing external walls, loads from coatings, ceilings, etc. transferred to the frame or other supporting structures of buildings.


28.04.2015, 14:17	#1
Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

OK. We can take the volume not of the entire building, but only of the largest section, separated by walls. I would like to note that we are not talking about division into fire compartments. Written on the walls – i.e. Types 1 and 2.

5.2.9 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, class F1.3, fire walls of type 2 or partitions of at least type 1 should be provided for division into sections.

5.4.10. Fire walls must rise above the roof: at least 60 cm, if at least one of the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, is made of materials of groups G3, G4; not less than 30 cm, if the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of materials of groups G1, G2

If all our sections are divided by type 2 walls, then it turns out they should all rise above the roof? Why do we need to raise them all if we are doing this purely for water consumption? Moreover, it is important for us to take type 2 walls between sections 1-2 and 3-4 - where the expansion joint is, since in this case sections 2-3 will be between with walls of the 2nd type and their total volume is 20 l/s according to SP 8.

This gives rise to an idea: maybe the wall between sections 2 and 3 can be considered as a partition and does not need to be raised above the roof? I’m starting to understand what is the difference between a wall and a partition (except for the fire resistance limit, of course): Partitions are a structure that divides the total area of a room into its component parts: corridors, rooms, bathrooms, etc. A wall is actually a load-bearing part of a building, that is, something without which the house simply would not exist.

At the same time, according to clause 6.6 of SNiP II-22-81*:

partitions - internal walls that absorb loads only from their own weight and wind (with open window openings) within one floor, with a height of no more than 6 m; with a higher floor height, walls of this type are conventionally classified as self-supporting.

Those. the partition, in principle, can be a wall.

And then I got completely confused. I look out the window and see how a house is being built:

Foundation – columns – floors. Those. the floors are supported by columns, and then brickwork is laid between the floors. So, is this brickwork a wall or a partition? It is logical that it is an external non-load-bearing wall. However, the same masonry is done between sections, in particular between sections 2 and 3 according to our example - what is this masonry? - turns out to be a partition? What is the masonry between the expansion joint? These are no longer external walls - it also turns out to be a partition? And if we had no expansion joints at all and all sections were divided as between sections 2 and 3, what then? What would be a wall there and what would be a partition? Which walls should ultimately rise above the roof?

6 min. —– And one more moment. Even if we assume that all sections are divided by type 2 walls, how will they rise above the roof if the upper technical floor can be divided by type 1 fire partitions. Those. The first walls of the 2nd type go only to the ceiling of the last residential floor. And then you can create partitions! So how are they different, I just don’t understand?! )

Problems encountered during the process

Most problems arise because:

the owner of the apartment or house incorrectly estimated the dimensions of the room or room, did not fully understand what he wanted and how the redevelopment would look in reality, and not just in his imagination or in the drawing;
the architect did not fully understand the client’s wishes;
the foreman read the plan incorrectly and gave the wrong instructions;
the workers made mistakes in calculations and markings.

As a result, the wall may end up in the wrong position. It will have to be demolished or partially dismantled, and this will be costly both financially and in time. Therefore, the home owner needs to discuss everything with the construction company involved in the renovation of his home, take correct measurements and, if possible, build a 3-D model of the wall in special programs on the computer to see how it will look in real life.

If the homeowner makes the repairs himself, then these calculations will have to be carried out independently.

To avoid problems after construction, you need to use only high-quality materials during the work and only those that are truly suitable for their intended purpose, and not their analogues or similarities (for example, ceiling profiles cannot be used instead of guide profiles for the floor). It is also important to ensure that the blocks or sheets of material are laid evenly.

What is a septum

If you purchased an apartment in a new building without finishing and you are not satisfied with the layout of your new home, then by dismantling the old walls and installing new partitions, this can easily be corrected.

As a rule, this allows you to increase the usable area of the room and obtain the desired dimensions of each room.

A partition is a wall with the help of which the total area of a room on one floor is divided into separate rooms or one of them is divided into certain zones (storage room, change room, etc.).

The difference between a partition and a main wall

The partition is an additional structure and should not be confused with a load-bearing (capital) wall. The main wall is the most important part of the structure of the entire residential building, the main function of which is to support the entire load of the structure.

Permission must be obtained for redevelopment

When redeveloping, it is strictly forbidden to touch the capital walls, change their integrity or demolish them.

This will lead to sad consequences: the collapse of the entire building as a whole, not a single architect will document such a redevelopment scheme and, plus everything, there will be administrative liability and, as punishment, huge fines.

Partitions can be made either solid or with decorative holes

External walls provide reliable protection of the building from wind, rain and snow. They are erected on a foundation and support the weight of all parts of the structure that rest on it.

Partitions are found exclusively inside the building. They are not load-bearing elements; they are responsible only for themselves. As a rule, ceilings are installed on joists or attached directly to the floor.

The main wall must be made of durable materials, be of considerable thickness, not allow cold to pass through, and serve for many years. In contrast, the ceiling can be made of less durable building materials and have properties that will subsequently be applied to the partitioned room (sound insulation, moisture resistance, and others).

Note that when making a partition, you must not forget that it must support its weight, so special attention must be paid to building materials.

Capital wall

The main wall is an important part of the building, which is responsible for the load of the entire structure, from the upper floors to the basement, taking into account all the floors, therefore, in its manufacture, high-quality building materials that meet the standards of strength and reliability are used.

The capital wall must have the following characteristics in order to cope with all functional load tasks:

Increased strength. The service life of the main wall must be no less than the service life of the entire building as a whole. The main indicator of strength is load resistance. It is important to use materials with a value above 10 MPa.

Capital walls carry the loads of the entire structure

Reducing the overall load on the foundation. The wall must be selected in such a way that there is no excessive load on the base of the building and a large waste of material. This is possible when using low-density building materials.
Thermal conductivity. To make a load-bearing wall, building materials with a lower thermal conductivity coefficient are used. Here there is such an indicator as the thermal resistance of the walls, which depends on the thickness of the wall itself and the thermal conductivity of the material used.
Water absorption. An increased indicator leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the structure: an increase in thermal conductivity, material density, and a decrease in strength. All this will ultimately entail an increase in the mass of the entire building, and as a result, the load-bearing load on the foundation. In addition, humidity and other climatic indicators will change inside the building itself.
Fire and frost resistance. Since capital walls separate the inside of the building and the street, they must protect from all external factors. In cold winters, the walls should not freeze completely to the interior of the building. In the event of a fire, the structure must not ignite.

Types of partitions

Depending on what material the partitions are made of, they are usually divided into:

Wooden partitions. The frame is mounted from timber, which is sheathed on both sides with plywood or plasterboard, and the inside is filled, if necessary, with insulation or sound insulation. The thickness of such a partition depends on its intended purpose; the wider it is, the less sound vibration it transmits between adjacent rooms. It is customary to choose a width from 10 to 15 cm. The advantage is that it is made from environmentally friendly material, has increased strength, relatively low weight and average sound insulation. Disadvantages - the structure is prone to fire, is afraid of water, mildew and mold, and is subject to deformation after drying.

Brick partitions are easy to install

Brick partitions are made of building bricks. This type is easy to install and has good heat and sound insulation properties. Unlike wooden partitions, brick partitions are not subject to rotting, deformation, and also have more durable properties. Floors of this kind are usually plastered on each side after construction. Their thickness generally ranges from 12 to 25 cm. The main disadvantage here is the significant weight of the product and the need for mandatory lining.

Partitions made of cellular concrete. The main material for them is foamed cement mortar. The partition is installed using reinforcement laid in the horizontal seams of the blocks. The standard thickness is taken from 15 to 30 cm. Advantages - good sound and sound insulation, excellent thermal insulation, fire resistance of the surface, average weight of the product. Disadvantages - increased labor intensity during installation, low air permeability.

Reinforced concrete partitions are designed to separate rooms with high humidity, and are also used for load-bearing structures. Such partitions are made using concrete of various grades and reinforcing mesh. The advantages include a long service life, strength characteristics do not change over time, have increased fire resistance, and can withstand increased loads. The most important disadvantage of reinforced concrete partitions is the enormous weight of the structure. To learn how to make a partition from tongue-and-groove slabs, watch this video:

Depending on their purpose, partitions are divided into interior partitions, inter-apartment partitions, enclosing sanitary and kitchen units, casement or stationary ones. Accordingly, they have different thicknesses.

Compared to interior floors, interroom floors have improved sound insulation. The fencing has increased moisture resistance and a hygienic finish. All partitions must meet the sound insulation requirements described in SNiP P-12-77 “Noise Protection”.

Soundproofing qualities of partitions

To improve the soundproofing qualities of partitions, the following are usually used:

cardboard or glassine is laid between layers of wooden partitions;

The partitions are also covered with glassine or cardboard on top. You can use special soundproofing material - foam rubber, soundproofing membrane, etc.;

in frame structures the space is filled with various backfills (slag, sand, sawdust);

All cracks and holes are carefully sealed. You can use sound insulation such as stone wool, which is inserted into each seam. In addition, the cracks can be filled with polyurethane foam or using special filling sealants.

Installation of sliding partitions

Sliding partitions are made of one or several parts, fastened together without connecting to the floor. Installation of these partitions is carried out using guide profiles, which are attached to the ceiling and floor with anchor bolts. For an example of installing a sliding partition, see this video:

The sliding parts of the partition move to the selected position along guides. The advantages of such ceilings include the speed of installation. The main disadvantage is the complexity of the entire structure as a whole. It can only be installed ready-made.

Installation of frame partitions

As a rule, frame partitions are made from a guide profile or wooden blocks. The outer part of the frame is sheathed with plasterboard sheets, which are fastened with self-tapping screws.

To reduce the load on the partition structure, it is recommended to use expansion joints, which are a cut that divides the entire wall into separate parts.

Seams are used in floors longer than 15 m. Vertical seams are filled with putty and reinforced tape is glued. Horizontal - only with putty. If the surface of the frame is made of two layers of plasterboard, then the seams are filled only with plaster.

Installation of a brick partition

The first step is to tighten the control cord, which is set in a horizontal plane. Next, you need to spread the mortar on the surface to create a strong bond between the brick and the floor. For more information about the construction of a brick partition, see this video:

Every four rows of bricks are laid with reinforcing mesh. Internal brick partitions are usually made half a brick thick. Masonry is done using cement-lime or cement-clay mortar.

For better connection with the walls, anchor bolts are installed between the rows. The more frequent the installation step, the greater the adhesion of the brickwork to the wall.

Materials

Tip: Before choosing a material for constructing a wall or partition, it is necessary to determine the permissible load on the foundation or ceiling, which will prevent harm to the entire structure.

The construction of walls and partitions is carried out from different materials: blocks weighing up to 50 kilograms or bricks. All work on the construction of walls can be done with your own hands, without special equipment.

Wherein:

The thickness of the wall is selected in advance. It can be: 12, 25, 38, 51 centimeters, which corresponds to brick sizes: 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 block lengths.
The corners are laid out, which is the first stage in the construction of the walls of the house. The verticality of the angle is controlled by a plumb line, horizontality by the building level.

Construction of corners

To obtain a smooth wall, without convex or concave sections, the masonry should be done with tension on the beating cord between the corners, moving upward as the bricks are placed, and with control of the verticality of the wall with a plumb line.

Using a chop cord

The layers must be bandaged:

alternating tie and spoon rows with the width of the wall;

Fig.1,Fig. 2

On the picture:

Figure 1 - single-row binding system, where 1 - splice rows; 2 - spoon rows; 3 - forgettable.

Figure 2 - multi-row binding system. On it: 1 and 7 - bonded rows; from 2 to 6 - spoon rows; 8 - forgettable.

offset in spoon rows, used for walls ½ brick thick, for example, when decorating a finished wall with brick or repairs associated with the redevelopment of a room.

Displacement of bricks in spoon rows

The walls are chopped

They are a structure made of logs, beams or plates, stacked one on top of the other in height, which are connected by notches at the intersections and in the corners.

Connecting corners in chopped walls

On the image:

a - a wall made of logs;
b - wall made of timber;
c - bayonets used when joining logs to the required length;
g - chopped wall with an opening;
d - design of the corner in the area;
e - design of the corner into a paw or without any residue;
g and h - cutting the corners of walls from timber.
1 - log;
1 — oval groove;
3 - triangular groove;
4 - caulking made of moss or tow;
5 - cut;
6 - special spike;
7 - rack;
8 — jamb for the window;
9 - gap for settling of the log house.

The skeleton of a building with such walls is a log house, and all the rows of logs in the log house are crowns. To ensure a tight fit of the upper and lower ends, longitudinal oval grooves are selected in the logs on the bottom side. If it is necessary to insulate the walls, tow is laid in an even layer.

To increase the strength of the log house, the crowns are connected with wooden tenons at intervals of approximately 1.5 meters. After construction, the walls will shrink up to 6% of the original height, which is taken into account when making the depth of the socket for the tenons - it is made 2 centimeters larger than the length of the tenon.

Chopped structures are more durable and quite durable. But their price is high due to the high consumption of wood and the labor intensity of cutting.

Frame walls

In this design, the loads from the building are carried by the frame, which is sheathed on the outside with sheet material, and thermal insulation (see How to insulate the walls of a frame house) and sound insulation are installed inside.

Frame walls

The frame of the building is formed by racks and frames.

Wherein:

The lower frame is laid on the foundation pillars and secured with metal anchors protruding from the foundation.
Two layers of roofing material are laid under the piping on the foundation pillars.
Along the top of the racks, the frame is tied with an upper harness.
The connection of the racks and frame frames is made with a simple tenon or any notch that does not impart rigidity to the structure.
To give the frame strength, stiffening elements are arranged: ties or braces, placed in such a way as to form permanent triangles.
One rigid triangle is installed along each wall of the frame to resist shear.
The struts are cut into the straps or racks with a tooth.
The braces are fastened with nails.
The rafters with the post are connected at corner joints or with the upper chord by fastening the bundle iron.

The construction of partitions and walls made of concrete and other materials, the nuances of the work and the main differences are described in detail by watching the video in this article.

Step-by-step description of construction technology

The construction of partitions in apartment buildings and private houses is identical.
The difference is that heavy material is best used to build a wall on the ground floor of a private or multi-story building, when the pressure on the building and floor beams is minimal.

The working process:

Prepare the floor surface for building walls. To do this, you need to sweep it, clean the shallow holes from debris and dust, prime the base, carefully pouring the solution into each hole.
Mark the boundaries and shapes of the future wall. Marking is done with a tape measure, pencil, construction or laser level.
Ensure waterproofing of the walls by laying 1-2 layers of roofing felt.
Frame the partition, be it drywall or wood, or start laying down the blocks.
Carefully attach the wall to load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures.
Level the wall with plaster or putty (if necessary).
Create a top covering or wall decoration.

Read about how to build interior walls in an apartment here, and this article describes the technology for constructing partitions in a house.

Need to know a point of law?

The Handbook's articles consist of paragraphs, almost each of which is accompanied by corresponding citations of regulations. These paragraphs are marked with a green or yellow line (more details).

To view citations, click the "" icon to the right of the text.

Mezzanine

When designing and constructing apartment buildings - a section that delimits the height of a room at different levels, with a size of no more than 40% of the area of the room in which it is built.

When creating and operating industrial buildings - an area inside the building on which premises for various purposes are located (production, administrative or engineering equipment).

When designing public buildings and structures - a site in the volume of a two-story room with an area of less than 40% of the area of the room in which it is located. The premises may be located on the site. The mezzanine is not a floor.

When making an inventory of a residential building, a plot occupying the upper part of the volume of the premises of a residential building, intended to increase its area, accommodate auxiliary deposits and other premises.

When ensuring safety requirements: an accessible space within the volume of a two-story room, open to this room or located within a floor with a higher height, less than 40% of the area of the room in which it is located. The mezzanine is not a floor.

Under construction - (balcony) open area of the upper floor, partially fenced.

According to the building information classifier - “The upper part is open to access to the floor, partially fenced” (code RZo> SG as of 07/28/2021).

Lobby

When designing public buildings and structures - a part of a building in the form of a multi-storey space (three or more floors), deployed vertically, adjacent to parts of the building floor (galleries, corridors, rooms, etc.), as a rule, with lighting from above.

According to the building information classifier - “Part of a building in the form of a multi-colored space (three or more floors), deployed vertically, adjacent to parts of the building floor (galleries, corridors, rooms, etc.), usually with lighting from above.” (Code RZo>SM, dated 07/28/2021).

Balcony

When designing and constructing “single-family” residential buildings, apartment buildings, a fenced area protruding from the plane of the facade wall can be made of cladding, and the glazing has a limited depth, interconnected with the lighting of the room to which it adjoins.

When ensuring safety requirements: a platform protruding from the plane of the wall. (Definition removed)

During construction, an (open balcony) area exposed to access that extends from the outside of a building.

When designing public buildings and structures, a fenced area that protrudes or deepens from the plane of the wall of the facade of the building.

According to the building information classifier - “Access platform protruding from the outside of the building” (code RZo> SK as of 07/28/2021).

Veranda

When designing and constructing “single-family” residential buildings, apartment buildings, in the landscaping areas of citizens, an unheated glazed room can be installed, attached to the building, built-in or built-in, with no restrictions on the depth of the Lower Floor.

In the case of an inventory of a residential building: an unheated glassed-in room adjacent to the building or built up.

Subject to safety requirements: an unheated glass room connected to the building or built into the building, without depth limitation. (Definition removed)

During construction - (porch, verandah) a covered terrace attached to the building.

According to the building information classifier - “Covered terrace attached to a building” (code RZo> SJ, as of 07/28/2021).

Lobby

In the case of an inventory of residential buildings, a room facing the entrance to the internal parts of a residential building, intended for receiving and distributing the flow of visitors.

According to the building information classifier - “Large communication space located at the entrance to or inside the building” (code RZo> EAA060, as of 07/28/2021).

When creating and managing industrial buildings: a two-story or multi-story part of a building located inside a one-story building along the entire height and width (inset) or a part of the height and width (inset) highlighted by the closing frame of the structure.

In ensuring safety requirements - a part of the building intended to accommodate administrative and service premises, located inside the industrial building at its entire height and width (insert), part of its height or width (insert) and separated by fire barriers

During construction - (gallery) the open upper part of the room, enclosed by a balustrade or railing.

Closed and recessed (partially or completely) into the ground, floor, ceiling, etc. An impractical design designed to accommodate cables that can only be installed, inspected and repaired with the floor removed.

When designing public buildings and structures - buildings 2.0 m long, 1.0 m wide and 1.25 m high, designed for one person. (Definition removed from regulations)

In construction, a (column, pillar) structural element of flexible shape, usually vertical, which transfers the forces applied to it to a support that works primarily in compression.

Show quotes Copy paragraph number: 411 Copy console paragraph link

Under construction, the (cantilevered) part of a load-bearing beam or slab that extends beyond its outermost support.

During construction, a (structure) is an ordered system of interconnected elements designed to provide a specified measure of strength and rigidity.

In construction - (spatial structure, spatial frame) a three-dimensional structure capable of absorbing forces that can be applied at any point, at any angle to the surface of this structure and act in any direction.

In construction (structural element), a part of a structure designed to transmit forces.

Any structural element of a residential building or residential premises, the projection of which on a horizontal plane passing at the level of the shoulder of a residential building (including a residential building) onto the earth's surface protrudes beyond the projection of the outer boundary of the external walls of such a building in one horizontal plane.

When designing and constructing “single-family” residential buildings, in the landscaping area of citizens - an open area adjacent to the external enclosing structures immediately in front of the entrance to the house, if necessary, equipped with stairs, a ramp and a cover.

During construction - (porch, veranda) a space in front of the front door, located in a niche outside the building or covered by a protrusion from it.

According to the building information classifier - “The space in front of the front door, located in a niche outside the building or covered by a projection from it” (code RZo> EAA010, as of 07/28/2021).

When designing public buildings and structures, this is a functional and structural element of the building, providing vertical connections between the floors of the building.

In construction, a (staircase, ladder) structure of a building in the form of a series of horizontal platforms for easy passage to different levels.

According to the construction information classifier - “an object connecting levels in the form of a sequence of steps or rods - a functional and structural element of a building structure in the form of a series of steps, used for ascent or descent”, as well as the interconnection of rooms” (Code Com> XSC, dated 07/28/2021 ).

When designing public buildings and structures: stairs at the entrance to the building or on the way to it.

When designing public buildings and structures - a staircase inside a building or structure:

closed - located in the entrance.
open - located in lobbies, foyers, etc.

Show quotation marks Copy paragraph number: Copy paragraph link

When designing public buildings and structures: a staircase on the facade of a building for evacuation of people or technical purposes.

Ladder

In a residential building there is a common area with landings and staircases.

When designing public buildings and structures, it is a space limited by walls, ceilings, coatings (with standardized fire resistance limits) inside a building, structure (or extension) intended to accommodate stairs.

During construction - (staircase fence) the space allocated for the placement of stairs and limited by the surfaces of the walls.

Ladder

During construction, a landing (landing) or part of a floor adjacent to a flight of stairs or ramps or providing access to an elevator car at each level of service.

Flight of stairs

When designing public buildings and structures, an inclined structure is used, connecting horizontal platforms at different levels, usually consisting of kossurs with a continuous row of steps at the top. A ramp staircase is called a single flight staircase.

During construction - (flight) a continuous series of steps between two levels.

The width is calculated as the distance between the staircase railings, between the wall and the staircase railings. If the stair railing extends beyond the step, then the count must be made from the edge of the step.

Elevator

If safety requirements are met, a room facing the elevator entrances.

According to the building information classifier - “The room opposite the entrance to the elevator (elevators)” (code RZo> AAC040, as of 07/28/2021).

When designing and constructing “single-family” residential buildings, apartment buildings - a room built into the building or adjacent to it, which has walls on three sides (or two with a corner location) for the entire height of the floor and a fence on the open side, can be closed and glazed, has limited depth and is interconnected with the lighting of the room to which it is adjacent.

The inventory of a residential building includes a room closed and fenced in plan on three sides, open to the outside space, serving for summer recreation and protection from the sun.

When ensuring safety requirements - built-in or inclined, glazed or open in an open space, surrounded on three sides by walls (on two sides - with a corner arrangement), a room with a depth limited by the needs of natural lighting of the room to which the outer wall adjoins. (Definition removed)

Under construction - (internal balcony, loggia) an open access area located in a niche outside the building.

According to the construction information classifier, “A room opening onto an external space, fenced on three sides by walls (corner location on two sides), can be glazed” (code RZo> SL, as of 07/28/2021).

The building structure is installed at a height of the pedestrian surfaces of the floor above 0.45 m.

During construction, a (fencing, enclosure, guardrail system) barrier designed to delay, stop, or control the flow of people or to protect against accidental falls from one level to another.

According to the construction information classifier, “an object restricting access by means of a long horizontal barrier stretched in a vertical plane” (code Com> RUA, as of 07/28/2021).

Ramp

A structure with a hard surface inclined in the direction of travel, designed to move from one level of a horizontal track surface to another, even in a wheelchair.

According to the building information classifier - “an object connecting levels in the form of an inclined surface - an inclined structure that provides a connection between two levels” (code Com> XSD, accessed 07/28/2021).

When designing public buildings and structures, a horizontally deployed atrium (longer than height) above the corridor.

During construction - a covered passage (passage, shopping center), usually shops are located on one or two sides.

According to the building information classifier - “Covered walkway, usually shops are located on one or two sides” (code RZo>SN, accessed 07/28/2021).

In construction, a (partition) internal self-supporting vertical building structure that divides space.

When designing and constructing “single-apartment” residential buildings, a storage room in a single-apartment building (or an apartment in a blocked building), adjacent to the entrance (or cold vestibule), through which there is a passage to the living quarters (rooms) or to service premises.

During construction - (entrance, foyer, atrium, vestibule) a large communication space located at the entrance to the building or inside it.

When creating and operating industrial buildings - a one-story structure (without walls), located inside or outside the building, supported by independent supports, building structures or equipment and intended for installation, maintenance or repair of equipment.

That part of the building that protrudes in front of the entrance, usually with columns.

When making an inventory of the housing stock, the part of the building located outside the boundary of its main external walls is auxiliary in relation to the building and has one (or more) main walls in common with it. Most outbuildings have internal communication with the main building. These should include: attached kitchens, residential outbuildings, sheds, vestibules, verandas, etc. All outbuildings are divided into heated and cold; the total area of premises in heated outbuildings is taken into account as part of the housing stock.

In ensuring safety requirements - the external part of the building, which has another functional purpose or technical fire protection characteristics (degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class, explosion hazard category, etc.), separated from the main building by fire barriers.

In the construction sector, an (extension, extension) addition to an existing building.

According to the construction information classifier - “Extension to an existing building” (code RZo> SQ, from 08/09/2021).

Under construction - (window bay) an open space located below the basement outside a building for lighting and ventilation of the basement.

According to the Building Information Classifier - "An open space located below ground level outside a building providing light and ventilation to the basement" (code RZo>STC, accessed 07/28/2021).

In construction, a (space) area or volume enclosed within physical or conventional boundaries.

When designing public buildings and structures - a volume inside a building, occupying several floors in height.

For cadastral registration - multi-storey premises, lobbies, openings in ceilings, elevators and other shafts.

Pedestrian space between structural and (or) functional elements (equipment).

During construction - (passage, passage) a narrow communication space, limited on two sides and intended for pedestrians.

When creating and operating industrial buildings - a structure intended for loading and unloading operations. The ramp, on one side, is adjacent to the warehouse wall, on the other, it is located along the railway track (railway ramp) or access road (car ramp). The ramp can be placed inside the warehouse. The height of the ramp above the floor is determined by the type of transport.

In ensuring safety requirements - an object designed for loading and unloading operations in production and warehouse premises, as well as for moving vehicles between levels in parking lots.

In construction, a vertical building structure (wall) that encloses or divides a space and usually serves a load-bearing or load-bearing function.

Part of the auditorium for theatrical events with bars and theatrical mechanization of the stage board.

According to the construction information classifier - “Part of the auditorium for theatrical events” (code RZo> BDD, as of 07/28/2021).

In an apartment building there is a utility room between the doors to protect against environmental influences.

The drum can be external (attached) and located inside the external walls of a building or structure.

In a public building and facility, there is a passage room between the doors to protect against the effects of adverse environmental conditions.

In housing inventory - a passage between doors that serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors when entering a building, staircase or other room.

During construction, an (airlock) is an enclosed space with two doors located between two rooms with different weather conditions that allow movement between them without significant disruption of the microclimate.

Terrace

When designing and constructing “single-family” residential buildings, apartment buildings, in the landscaping areas of citizens - an open fenced area (without glazing), attached to the building, built-in or built-on, without restrictions on depth, can be covered and rest on the roof of the lower floor.

In the inventory of the housing stock, an open fenced extension of a building in the form of a recreation area, which may have a roof, is located on the ground or above the lower floor.

During construction - (terrace, patio) an external horizontal area, usually for people to sit in, often enclosed by a balustrade or railings.

According to the building information classifier - “An external horizontal area, usually for the presence of people, often enclosed by a balustrade or railing” (code RZo> SH, starting from 07/28/2021).

A plot of land near an apartment building, including pedestrian paths for entrances, driveways to the house and areas for residents of this house - for children, sports, recreation, containers, dog walking, etc.

If safety requirements are met, a building with rising rows of seats for spectators.

During construction, a (foundation) building structure that serves to transfer forces to the load-bearing soil.

A vertical cable structure (usually rectangular in cross-section), the height of which is several times greater than the side of the section, equipped with brackets or a ladder for people to move along it (through wells) or a fully or partially collapsible wall structure (wells are not accessible).

When taking inventory of the housing stock, the part of the room extending from the plane of the facade is partially or completely glazed, its lighting and insolation are improved.

In construction, a (bay window) is a building structure with flat edges projecting from the outside of the building, in which one or more windows are installed.

When creating and managing industrial buildings while ensuring safety requirements: a multi-level structure (without walls), independent inside or outside the building and intended for housing and servicing technological and other equipment.