Instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden gates

Setting up a secure garage not only ensures the safety of the car, but also prevents intruders from entering the vehicle. Every car owner strives to have his own garage, since in large cities many cars spend the night in the open air, being exposed to the harmful effects of the environment and being the object of increased attention from scammers. For owners of country houses and dachas, the task of erecting the said building occupies one of the first positions on the list of priority activities. But the excessively high cost of manufacturing this design in some cases discourages any desire to implement the plan. The use of wood and the manufacture of some structural elements with your own hands will significantly reduce costs when constructing a garage. An integral part of any building of this type is the gate. For their high-quality construction, you need to familiarize yourself with how to make wooden gates yourself without involving the labor of specialists.

Types of wooden gates

Like metal gates, wooden ones are divided according to the type of opening into the following groups:

• swing,
• sliding,
• lifting,
• folding (accordion).

Moreover, in all types, you can install a gate if the opening is large enough, or install it next to the gate as a separate element of the barrier structure.

Regardless of which type was chosen, the design of wooden gates consists of support posts to which the gate leaves will be attached. The second element is the canvas itself, made from a frame and covered with wooden boards (less often with plywood or OSB).

The main difference between the types is the method of opening, and, accordingly, the method of fastening.

Swinging ones are hinged to the support posts, sliding ones are attached to the guides along which they will move (there are two of them: lower and upper).

For lifting gates, you will have to specially purchase a lifting kit, which includes an electric motor, a rod in the form of a chain or belt, as well as guides made of metal profiles.

Folding ones are assembled from several vertical sections connected by hinges. But the two outer sections are attached to the support pillars.

All of the above models are installed in the form of fencing openings not only on the street, but also indoors, for example in garages. Therefore, when the task is to build a wooden garage door with your own hands, you can choose any of the types.

As practice shows, most owners of private plots, houses and garages give their preference to swing gates as the simplest, cheapest and most convenient to use. We will talk about them.

Briefly about the main thing

Swing gates are often made from wood. They are attractive, have a simple design and are affordable. Homeowners also install wooden sliding gates, but they have a more complex design.

To fill the sashes, boards are used, which can be placed with or without gaps. The standard width of two canvases is 3-4 m. They are hung on poles made of wood, metal or brick. The supports are always concreted in the ground. During manufacturing, gates are created with a wooden or metal frame. After covering it, the wooden parts are sanded, if necessary, puttied, primed and varnished.

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Manufacturing and installation of wooden swing gates

First of all, the dimensions of the gate are determined. Usually these are two identical doors, although there are options with different canvases. The width of the opening is determined taking into account the diameter of wooden pillars, which are used as logs or beams, round or rectangular pipes, and other steel profiles. The minimum cross-sectional size of wooden posts is 30 cm, steel – 10 cm.

Along the edges of the opening on one line, holes are dug with a depth of at least 1 m, with a diameter of 10–20 cm larger than the pillars. Sand 15 cm thick is poured into them with a tamper. Wooden posts are treated with bitumen mastic or covered with roofing felt over a 1 m long section. The posts are installed in holes and filled with concrete mortar.

Dimensions

Standard gate sizes are 300-400 cm wide. Please note that your needs may be much more important than this generally accepted standard.

When the site is being built up, it is advisable to make a wider passage so that trucks and special equipment can easily pass in and out. Be sure to leave a gap from the bottom edge to the ground , otherwise it will be inconvenient to use the gate when snow melts, an ice crust forms, or after heavy rain.

Manufacturing of sashes

To assemble the frame of the doors, you need boards 50 mm thick and 100–150 mm wide. Instead of boards, wooden blocks are also used. The main task is to accurately adjust their dimensions to the dimensions of the structure. Everything will depend on the height of the gate and the width of the opening. Therefore, four boards are prepared with a length equal to the height, and another four with a length equal to half the width.

A rectangular frame is assembled, where the method of attaching the boards to each other matters. Previously, connections with various cuts and additions in the form of dowels were used for this. Today, metal fastening profiles are used, which are screwed to the wood with self-tapping screws. By installing such profiles on both sides of the boards being connected, we obtain a fairly reliable fastening.

For reliability, you can install a jib (at 45°) in each corner from the same boards as the frame itself, and add a crossbar across the entire width of the sash. Often, instead of a crossbar, a diagonally installed element from a board is mounted.

Note! Everything must be done to ensure that wooden gate leaves do not become loose at their fastening points during long-term use.

So, the frames of the canvases are ready, all that remains is to sheathe them. There are a huge number of options here, the simplest is to install vertical boards 20–25 mm thick and 80–100 mm wide. They can be installed tightly to each other or leave small gaps. As for the length of the board cladding, it should be 20–25 cm greater than the height of the gate and protrude beyond the frame on each side. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws, the length of which must be at least twice the thickness of the cladding boards.

What materials and tools are needed to create

To produce garage doors at home, you will need the following materials and equipment:

1. The beams for the construction of the opening are beams with a section of 100x100, buried in a vertical position in the ground at a level of 1.5-2 meters plus the footage of the height of the opening itself.
2. The frame for the gate is a strong, but not massive beam with a caliber of 50x50 millimeters.
3. Board finishing in the form of individual boards with a diameter of at least 25 millimeters.
4. Hinges for hanging gates.
5. Mastic based on bitumen.
6. Cement mixture.
7. Materials for covering gates and protecting them in the form of stain, varnish and impregnation.
8. Fasteners.

Also, to build a gate you need to acquire the following tools:

1. A hacksaw for cutting wood (or you can buy a jigsaw).
2. Screwdriver, drill, hammer.
3. A chisel, a plane.
4. Sanding paper.
5. Level, tape measure.
6. With brushes or roller.

Installation of sashes

First, metal hinges are screwed onto the doors. There are two of them, the installation location is slightly offset to the middle from the lower and upper frame elements. The sequence of actions is as follows:

• loops are applied at the fastening site;
• marks are made through the mounting holes;
• through holes are drilled through them in the frame;
• the hinges are installed in place with precise alignment of the holes;
• Bolts are inserted into the latter, onto which nuts with a wide washer are screwed on the opposite side.

The second part of the hinges is attached to the support posts. To do this, the doors are installed on bricks near the pillars with their exact location in height. The second parts are applied to the attached loops. Their mounting plate is applied to the racks, to which it is secured with long self-tapping screws. Such installation is possible if the pillars are wooden logs or beams.

If steel profiles are used, the mounting plate is attached to them by electric welding or bolts. In the latter case, you will have to drill through holes in the racks.

All that remains is to install the lugs for the padlock and the pin to secure the doors in the closed position. All these devices are attached to the frame elements with self-tapping screws.

Let's pay attention to installation

The height is enough to be two meters, the same width of each door. They swing open either immediately or each separately, into the yard or out. This needs to be thought through right away. They are hung on hinges that are well lubricated with a graphite mixture so that they do not creak.

When closed, if there is no opening mechanism, they are fixed in several ways. Either transversely with an inch pipe mounted on a pair of hooks for each plow, or with fasteners at the junction of the mortars, mounted in the concrete. The lower fastening will also be needed in the case of simply fixing each plow.

The cladding, painted corrugated sheeting or polycarbonate, is attached to the frames with bolts or self-tapping screws. The last hardware per square meter of fastening is needed eight to ten pieces.

You leave the last material in its translucency or paint it with a color of your choice. The corrugated sheeting, which continues in the form of a fence from the gate along the entire length of the front part of the estate, looks good.

The disadvantage of the goal format is its large turn. This is a particular drawback for winters, when a lot of snow must be cleared in order to open the gate.

Finishing wooden gates

Since the gates are installed outdoors, they are exposed to the negative effects of natural loads. Therefore, they are treated with several layers of protective compounds. The first layer is an antiseptic. Its task is to protect wood from the negative effects of microorganisms.

The second layer is drying oil. This paint and varnish material consists of 95% vegetable oil. It covers the wood with a thin layer that protects against pests, microorganisms and moisture. Today, drying oil is used less and less, because manufacturers offer other modern materials.

The third layer is paint, varnish or stain. There is a huge selection of colors, textures and composition.

Popular types of designs

Among the most popular types of structures are the following:

• sliding;
• tilt and turn;
• swing;
• roll;
• folding.

Sliding gates are considered a win-win option, since they do not cause problems during operation.

Easy to open and require minimal space. They consist of one canvas that moves on rails. They are in greatest demand in our country.

The canvases move along the wall, so the only thing you need to do is remove debris and ice in the path of the canvas movement. We make sliding gates from durable metal, but without placing a high load on the rails.

Tilt-and-turn gates are most likely suitable for garage spaces or individual off-street parking areas.

How to make overhead gates so that they last for years? The question is not easy, since the service life depends precisely on the quality of the work performed.

The most eye-catching option is still the swing gate. In addition, they are an ideal option for imagination; you can make absolutely any huge structure from different materials.

And the main thing is that they open beautifully and attract the attention of passers-by. But despite a number of their pleasant aspects, swing doors often create a number of problems in winter; it is necessary to constantly remove snow on both sides of the yard

Rolling gates are more of a budget option and the easiest to install

It is important to note that the roll does not take up much space and is easy to open.

In addition, they are easy to repair, as is the mechanism of their operation. You can freely choose the color of the design, suitable for any design solutions.

Another good option is folding ones. Their peculiarity is that they, like paper, easily fold into one unnoticeable structure. It may seem to you that there is no gate at all in this yard.

In fact, there is the highest possible level of convenience here, in addition to constant care. Rust can easily destroy the hinges of the panels, and repairs may be necessary from time to time.

Having decided on the design of the gate, you can begin to select the material, as well as delve into all the intricacies of this “handicraft”.

Original finishing methods

Antique wooden gates are one of the popular types of decoration. There is a huge variety of options offered, where many people prefer carved gates.

This type of finishing is complicated. To carve even the simplest figures from wood, you need special tools with the skills to work with them, experience and imagination. If neither one nor the other is available, then it is better to order a ready-made trim, which you can attach to the frame of the doors yourself. Hand cutting is expensive.

Advice! Stores sell carved elements made from thin boards or thick plywood, which you simply need to nail with small nails to the elements of wooden gate leaves.

To make it look antique, you can use painting. It also requires imagination and the ability to paint, although you can do without it. You need to buy stencils, since a wide range is sold in art stores. They can even be ordered for a specific design. And already applying painting through a stencil is a simple matter.

Another option for antique fitting is forged elements. This finish is the height of respectability. Even the most inconspicuous wooden gates, lined with forging, become a masterpiece of art. It is impossible to forge iron with your own hands if you are not a specialist in this matter. Fortunately, forged elements are sold in construction stores today. They are attached to wooden gates with nails or self-tapping screws.

How to make a wood surface look antique

Antique wood finishing, in the so-called retro style, is gaining increasing popularity in the design of country houses, mansions and, of course, the adjacent garage doors.

To give the gate an antique style, you need to follow a certain style and proven techniques:

1. The outer side of the gate can be treated with stain to visibly age the surface and give it a darker color.
2. Gates can be equipped with massive forged products in the form of various antique hinges, rivets, and fasteners.
3. The product can be complemented by designer items in the form of surrounding handles for garage doors and gates.

A type of art such as wood carving or ready-made materials with a touch of antiquity will also be useful here.

Electric wooden gates

The fruits of civilization haunt most owners of private plots, houses, cottages and garages. Moreover, they become more affordable every year. For example, devices for automatic gate opening allow you to operate the gates without leaving the car.

Essentially, it is a low-power electric motor and metal ties that work on the principle of levers. The automation package also includes a control unit and a key fob that operates on the principle of a remote control.

The electric motor is installed on support posts, a fence or a wall. A solid, reliable surface is important for its installation. Tie-levers are attached to the cross member of the frame of the sashes.

Installation of a wooden gate - basic design

The entire installation procedure will consist of 5 stages:

1. Creation of supports.
2. Frame assembly.
3. Attaching decorative material to the frame.
4. Installation of all fixing and locking parts - hinges, bolts, locks.
5. Finishing of the door leaf.

Installation of supports

Before starting work, treat all wooden materials - for supports, frame and cladding - with an antiseptic and wait until it dries. This procedure will help prevent wood from rotting and increase its resistance to moisture and bugs.

Then proceed like this:

1. Drill 2 holes with a depth of 1-1.2 meters.
2. Place a sand cushion up to 7 cm thick at the bottom.
3. Fill in another layer of crushed stone.
4. Compact both layers.
5. Fill with cement mortar.
6. Install support posts.
7. Verify their clearly vertical position by level or plumb.

Frame assembly

As a result of the work on making the frame, you should end up with a Z-shaped structure. For this:

1. Lay the bars out on a hard, level surface.
2. Make the markings.
3. Cut to desired length.
4. Connect the frame elements.

Decorative lining of a wooden gate

Sheathing the frame is carried out in 2 ways:

• continuous row;
• grid at intervals.

In both cases, adhere to these rules:

1. Make preliminary markings of the position of the boards on the frame.
2. Adjust all sizes of cladding boards to the desired parameters.
3. Secure all the elements sequentially with nails or wood screws, checking during the process that they are evenly positioned vertically and horizontally.

Installation of locking elements

To hang a gate:

1. Preliminarily try on its position.
2. Mark the locations of the loops.
3. Secure the loops in the marked places. Since hinges are most often used decorative or forged, they are attached from the outside.
4. Attach the door leaf.
5. Adjust its position by level or plumb.