Filing a rough ceiling on wooden beams in a private house

A rough ceiling covering is used as the basis for any ceiling finishing in a wooden house. The same functions in a building made of natural or artificial stone are performed by a concrete floor slab. In frame houses, buildings made of timber or logs, a rough ceiling is made on wooden beams. If you follow the sequence of actions and choose suitable materials, the rough base will last a long time. After installing the floor structure, they decide how to line the rough ceiling in a private house. We will talk about the choice of materials, the method of fastening them and the sequence of lining the ceiling on wooden beams.

Useful tips

Regardless of which finishing option is chosen, load-bearing wooden beams must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. The solutions are applied one on top of the other, first antiseptic. Each layer must dry thoroughly.

The natural beauty of wood is always a priority, so it is not recommended to paint beams. It is better to cover it with clear varnish.

If beams have become a decorative element, then you need to take care of their geometric evenness. The best option is to carry out some minor work before installation. If they are installed, you should try to level the ends and the bottom plane with an electric planer. This is not as simple as it might seem at first glance.

If they are hemmed with a finished ceiling (plasterboard, plywood and other materials), the lower surface can be leveled with slats or metal profiles. Or, as was described with plastic panels, using direct hangers. The latter are more often used if the difference in the plane of the beams is significant. For small differences, wooden slats are also suitable.

Video:

Beam type ceilings

By design, all floors are divided into two types: beam and slab. Each of them has certain characteristics.

Beam ceilings are often found in private homes

Therefore, if you need to make your own ceiling base, you should pay attention to this type of structure. The basis of such a ceiling are wooden beams that rest on the load-bearing walls of the buildings. Their cross-section depends on the distance between them, the planned load and the span width

Their cross-section depends on the distance between them, the planned load and the width of the span.

Before you begin creating the floor, you need to select the wood for the beams. They are made from both softwood and hardwood materials, but the wood must be thoroughly dried for at least 3-4 months. Before laying, beams must be checked for rot, cracks and other defects. If they are found, the material cannot be used.

Beams laid on the walls are leveled. To do this, parts of tarred boards of various thicknesses are placed under their ends. Untreated wooden wedges should not be used to level beams. The joints between elements on internal walls are reinforced with clamps or staples. Instead of a metal clamp, overlays made of boards more than 40 millimeters thick are also used.

According to fire safety requirements, the distance between the beams and the chimney must be at least 40 centimeters. When sealing the ends into the walls, they are impregnated with an antiseptic, tarred and wrapped in roofing felt. This allows you to protect the wood from rot.

To ensure the rigidity of the floor, every second beam is fixed to the load-bearing wall. Experts advise using steel anchors embedded in the masonry for this purpose. To create a rough ceiling on beams, cranial bars are used. They are attached to the sides of the base, and knurling plates are nailed to them to form a covering.

In addition to wooden beams, metal products are also used. They are smaller in size and make it possible to save on the total volume involved in covering. At the same time, metal elements have a greater load-bearing capacity, which is several times higher than that of wooden beams.

But metal beams also have disadvantages. These include susceptibility to corrosion and the inability to create effective sound insulation.

How to choose floor slabs, see details in the video:

Adviсe

To decorate a modern home interior, as well as to hide wooden beams in the ceiling, there are many finishing options, among which covering the surface with decorative materials is in great demand. Making a sheathed ceiling is not difficult, but for novice craftsmen, advice from professionals can help with this.

• You need to start working by impregnating the wood with an antiseptic. It will protect the material from moisture and damage, and will also save varnish when painting.
• For insulation, it is best not to use ordinary film, but to give preference to material with a foil coating on a polypropylene base. This way, you will get a high-quality vapor barrier, and condensation will not collect, which can cause damage to the wood. In addition, the film must be laid on the rough ceiling so that there is room for ventilation.

When forming a draft ceiling, it is important to pay attention to its design features and carry out finishing according to a pre-designed scheme. This will not only speed up installation, but will also save ceiling material. The boards are selected according to the length of the room, so there will be little waste left. It is advisable to lay wooden slats from the inside of the structure, placing them towards the opposite wall. After they are adjusted, they are fixed to the beams using self-tapping screws.

The size of the sheathing material must be calculated before installation, and if the panels do not meet the standards, they can be trimmed with a jigsaw

In this case, the length of all boards should be equal to the length of the slats. During sheathing, great attention must be paid to the corners of the structure, since if the vapor barrier is installed incorrectly, mold may appear in them and the wood will rot.

• Places where it is planned to install lighting fixtures must be covered with heat-reflecting foil measuring 20x20 cm. Before installing light sources, you need to take into account their location and provide the system with a protective layer from fire.
• You can sheathe the entire ceiling or its individual sections, leaving the beams as a decorative element. Wooden logs look beautiful in the interior if combined with other types of finishing materials. If the ceiling is uneven and has many defects, then it is better to decorate it with hanging systems.

You can learn more about how to make a decorative ceiling from wooden beams below.

Plasterboard sheets

This material is often used if you need to decide what to put on the ceiling in a private house. You can use plasterboard to finish the ceiling as usual or build a multi-level system with built-in lighting fixtures.

GCRs sew up niches between beams or completely cover them, creating a perfectly flat surface. The plasterboard ceiling covering is puttied and then painted with water-based emulsion in any color. This finishing method can, if desired, be combined with wooden elements or tensile structures.

Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients and the large size of gypsum boards, they are not attached directly to the beams. They are mounted on hangers and guides, which have flexible contact with a wooden beam.

Advantages:

• low price;
• ease of processing;
• you can create structures of different shapes;
• good combination with any decoration;
• the material “breathes”, so condensation does not collect on it;
• easy to paint.

Flaws:

• the plasterboard structure turns out to be quite heavy and therefore puts a load on the floors;
• the material is at risk of water leaks;
• fragility.

How to bind

Many people are concerned about the issue of filing a rough ceiling. Before starting work, you need to think through everything.

If you plan to finish with sheets of plasterboard, is it possible to attach the material directly to the beams without hemming it with boards? This can be done, but it is worth considering some subtleties. Since the floor beams are unevenly curved, it is difficult to attach drywall to them. As a result, you will not get a perfectly flat ceiling.

To provide excellent thermal insulation support, you need to nail the block at a certain pitch and then use a special profile for drywall sheets.

Suspensions are suitable for leveling the metal profile. The surface will be perfectly horizontal.

You can attach gypsum boards directly to the timber

But it must be leveled first, quality is also important

Today, insufficiently dried lumber is sold, so deformation of the wood over time is inevitable.

Even a deviation of the structure by a couple of millimeters can ruin the entire plasterboard ceiling.

If you understand that the use of different materials will not allow you to install a ceiling covering of the required quality, but will only inevitably entail new costs, you will get an excellent result for reasonable money. Agree that such savings are a really wise decision.

Stretch ceiling structures

If you hem the ceiling with tension fabric, you will be able to completely cover the beams and niches between them. The structure is fastened to the walls. It can be combined with other types of finishes.

Stretch ceilings are installed by professionals who will help you choose the material for their manufacture, design, and also arrange lighting. To avoid condensation, ventilation of the ceiling space should be ensured.

Pros:

• large selection of textures, shapes and colors;
• strength and, as a result, durability;
• The material is not dangerous from moisture and leaks.

Minuses:

• high price of material;
• installation cannot be done independently.

Installation of sheathing and ceiling covering on wooden beams with plasterboard

Now let's talk about how to attach drywall to a wooden ceiling. To fix gypsum sheets, galvanized screws are used. Their length is selected depending on the thickness of the rough ceiling. Usually, hardware 3.2-5.1 cm long is sufficient. The head of the self-tapping screw is deepened into the body of the material to a depth of 1 mm.

Plasterboard slabs are laid staggered, that is, four corners should not converge at one point.

• slightly above the bottom edge of the load-bearing elements (in this case, the beams will be visible in the interior of the room);
• hem the ceiling below the beams and completely hide them behind the trim.

1. Screws are screwed evenly over the entire plane of the slab in increments of 250 mm. Along the edge, hardware is installed in increments of 150 mm.
2. If gypsum boards are cut, then the edge is chamfered at 30 degrees. This is necessary for the convenience of puttying the ceiling surface.
3. After installation, the surface is puttied. All seams are reinforced with reinforcing tape. To prevent cracks from appearing on the surface of the ceiling later, bandage tape is glued to the top of the seam.

This method is more suitable for low rooms, because after installation the ceiling surface will not decrease significantly. As a rule, installation is performed on a rough ceiling made of plywood, wooden boards or OSB. The first option is used if they want to make the room visually higher and interestingly play up the beams in the interior of the room.

Some design styles involve the use of ceiling beams, so they are not specifically covered with trim.

Additional information on the topic:

• How to disassemble a plasterboard box with tiles to replace a sewer system
• Design of plasterboard walls in the living room and hallway photo
• What screws are used to screw drywall to a metal profile?
• Photos of plasterboard ceilings for a living room with a bay window
• How to screw drywall to the ceiling alone without any help

Specifics of assembling hydro-, heat- and vapor barriers

In the construction of a draft ceiling, materials are used that have the following characteristics:

• low thermal conductivity,
• low dead weight,
• fire safety,
• high levels of noise insulation.

Insulation materials can be polymer, organic, combined, or inorganic. The former are attractive due to their high strength and relative lightness; they are sold in the budget price segment.

Polymer substances - polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene - cannot withstand temperature fluctuations, they are a fire hazard.

Organic insulation materials, such as straw and sawdust, peat, are affordable and environmentally friendly. But there are also disadvantages - rapid ignition, gradual decrease in thermal insulation performance.

Inorganic variations can only be used in floors with reinforced wooden beams and continuous lining. This category includes perlite, mineral wool, expanded clay, and vermiculite. Mineral wool is most convenient to use - it is not as heavy as other representatives of the segment and exhibits optimal consumer properties.

Insulation is carried out from above or below, depending on whether the upper level is supplemented with flooring.

Hydro-vapor barrier of the ceiling

Installation sequence if flooring is not provided:

1. Laying vapor barrier in the form of a special membrane film. The material is spread on the ceiling, tightly fixed with a construction stapler. The membrane should ideally follow the contours of the beams and rough filing.
2. The insulation is laid out so that the final surface is level with the level of the beams.
3. A waterproofing film is spread on top.

If there is flooring, insulating the ceiling from above becomes impossible; in such conditions, work is carried out directly in the living room:

1. Beams and flooring are covered with waterproofing.
2. Nails are driven into the beams to stretch the twine in a zigzag pattern - this is the basis for layers of insulation, placed so that the rope holds them.
3. Next, the vapor barrier is fixed.

After completing the formation of the rough ceiling, finishing begins. Materials are selected in accordance with the priority style of residential premises, usually plasterboard, plastic panels, lining or slatted structures, tension fabrics. A separate niche is occupied by interiors in which the beams remain open; in this case, the wood is carefully impregnated with protective compounds that need regular updating.

What should the height be?

To make it comfortable for residents to stay in the room, you need to take into account the height of the walls. In a country house or cottage, the owner has the opportunity to think in advance what the finished ceiling height of the room will be, taking into account the height of the family members.

The minimum height must be at least 2.4 m; at a lower height, the ceiling will visually put pressure on the residents. Even at a height of 2.5 m, an adult can catch a chandelier or lamp with his head if it is a pendant model. In a private house, you should choose the optimal height (2.7 m), saving heat in the room, which will be distributed correctly (at the level of human height) and without overheating the air above. You can try to visually increase the height of the ceiling using the advice of interior designers.

By using contrasting colors in the design of a room, you can achieve a visual increase in space. With a light ceiling and walls painted in dark colors, the room will visually seem spacious. A hidden pendant with spotlights will help achieve the same effect.

When decorating the ceiling, the walls play a big role. To visually elevate it, you should choose wallpaper with vertical stripes or an elongated pattern. Wallpaper with wide figures or large patterns can visually narrow the size of the room.

If the house has several floors, the heights on the floors may be different. On the first floor they often have a high ceiling (above 3 meters), on the second floor you can make a lower ceiling. Compared to Finnish wooden houses, its second floor height is 2.4 meters. When determining the height of the room, you should take into account the size of the room. If you have a small room in a country house with a high ceiling, the room will not be cozy.

If desired, the summer veranda can be adapted for housing or a place where vegetables and fruits will be stored all winter. The heat that will come from the house will allow you to maintain a positive temperature on the veranda all winter. On the veranda, smooth ceilings are often made, covering them with different materials. The height from floor to ceiling in this case may be less than in the living room (about 2.3 meters).

Ceilings made of siding and plastic, in which rooms is it rational to use these materials?

Plastic is a relatively inexpensive finishing material; it does not look as attractive as natural wood, but plastic panels have the best resistance to moisture.

It is rational to install a plastic ceiling in those rooms where there is often high air humidity:

A plastic ceiling is a perfectly flat surface; it does not require any additional finishing or painting work.

Plastic panels are installed quite easily and quickly; one person can handle this work, since the material is practically weightless and very light.

It is produced in the form of long panels, which are secured with staples or screws.

To assemble a frame for attaching a plastic ceiling, use bars, the thickness of which is 2.5-3 centimeters. And if the finish is attached to a concrete plane, then the installation of metal profiles will be required.

Installation of plastic ceiling

The guides are fixed in increments of about 50 centimeters. After fixing all the plastic panels, a decorative plinth is attached, which hides the joints of the plastic and the walls.

It is advisable to use siding in the following places:

This finishing material is most often used as exterior finishing. Siding is a durable and moisture-resistant material that is available in a wide range of textures and shades.

It has been used for several decades without changing its color.

They produce vinyl and metal siding panels.

Vinyl is not a very expensive and flexible material that is great for ceilings.

Ceiling siding

Installation of vinyl siding is quite simple, the panels are not heavy, they are mounted on special profiles, and 1 person can handle the installation.

Vinyl increases slightly in size under the influence of temperature changes, so during its installation it is necessary to leave gaps of 0.5-1 cm around the perimeter. ABOUT

The siding can be cleaned with any detergent and water.

What is a false ceiling

Contents of the material

The top floor pie is always multi-layered. Each of its components, covering the base surface, can be called a false ceiling. Therefore, non-specialists include suspended structures made of any finishing materials - plasterboard, tension films, plastic, wood - into this category. But this is a mistaken opinion.

Scheme of false ceiling

Suspended ceiling installation

The construction documentation clearly distinguishes between suspended and false ceiling systems. The first are collapsible structures, which, in turn, are divided into two categories: walk-through (providing access to communications hidden behind them) and non-pass-through (access to communications requires the dismantling of several structural elements). P1-01 to SNiP 2.08.02-89 states that a non-passable suspended ceiling is the active part of the ceiling, behind which utility networks are placed.

Suspended ceilings are non-removable structures that are also an active part of the base floor. There are no distances between the first and second elements of the pie, so laying electrical networks and life support communications is impossible.

The basic requirements for sheathed structures are as follows:

• installation and fastening of structures and materials weighing up to 10 kg is permissible without strengthening the base floor;
• installation and fastening of structures and materials weighing from 10 to 20 kg is carried out by installing additional sheathing made of wooden blocks or metal profiles;
• installation and fastening of structures and materials with a total weight of over 20 kg is permissible provided that additional load-bearing structures are installed in the fastening area.

Sheathing with boards or clapboard design options and installation technology

Before making a ceiling in a private house, please note that for covering it in a wooden building it is better to choose a board, wooden lining or MDF. Plastic panels in this case will be inappropriate. For an original design, you can choose laminate, and in a house made of timber, a block house looks great

For an original design, you can choose laminate, and a block house looks great in a house made of timber.

Advantages:

• Environmentally friendly. The panels, like the boards for the ceiling in the house, are made from wood material without the use of resins and harmful phenol.
• Design. The color, texture and width of the cladding can be selected for each specific interior.
• Water resistance. The material is not afraid of moisture, which makes it possible to install it in bathrooms, saunas, and kitchens.
• Easy care. To clean the lining, simply wipe it with a damp cloth without using cleaning agents.
• Functionality. All necessary communications can be easily placed inside the structure of such a ceiling.

Technologically, the installation process is practically the same and includes several stages:

1. Construction of the ceiling frame. In wooden houses for this purpose they make lathing from bars. In rooms with possible sudden temperature changes (bathroom, kitchen) and a high risk of deformation of the wooden base, it is better to use metal profiles.
2. Before you line the ceiling with a board or clapboard made of wood, it needs to be kept in the room for several days for acclimatization.
3. The material is cut to the length of the room. In this case, it is necessary to provide a gap of 3-5 mm. It is needed to allow free expansion of the slats with possible changes in temperature and humidity.
4. The installation of the first ceiling element begins from the wall opposite the entrance to the room or from the window.
5. The board is nailed to the bars, or with self-tapping screws if the base is a metal profile. The lining, which is attached using the tongue-and-groove method, must be fixed into the groove every 20 cm. From the groove side, the panel is attached to the frame using clamps. This metal plate is attached to the frame with self-tapping screws or a nail on one side, and its second part has a recess into which the panel fits. All subsequent strips are assembled in this way.

1. The last plank needs to be cut not only in length, but also in width, not forgetting to leave gaps from the walls. In addition, it must be secured in the same way as the first.
2. Holes for spotlights can be made before or after installing the panels on the ceiling.
3. Final finishing work includes the installation of lamps and plinths, the function of which is to embellish the interior of the room, as well as hide the seams between the ceiling and the wall. If desired, the material can be coated with colorless varnish.

Installation of ceilings in similar houses

To do the ceiling correctly, you need to have an idea of ​​the scope of future work. To do this you need to know its design. It is quite simple, and consists of the following layers, in order from bottom to top:

• Interior finishing
• Vapor barrier film
• Layer of thermal insulation material
• Waterproofing
• Flooring or flooring of the next floor

The last point can be excluded if you do not plan to use the room directly above the area of ​​​​the ceiling in question. Also, in the case when the outer side of the ceiling is the roof, this layer is not needed; it is replaced with roofing material.

Measures for finishing the ceiling surface

First, you need to calculate exactly how the plywood sheets will be placed on the ceiling, since their edges must certainly be attached to the sheathing in order to avoid peeling and sagging of the material.

It is important to observe 2 points:

• solid fragments must be screwed in the center of the ceiling;
• Trimming fragments should be installed around the perimeter.

The lathing is fixed according to the following rules:

• The sheathing must be fastened to the concrete ceiling using quick installation.
• The lathing is attached to the wooden ceiling with screws, the length of which should not be less than 40 millimeters.
• The appearance of the finished sheathing will look like a series of beams located parallel to each other on the ceiling.

Preliminary preparation

It is necessary to calculate all the expenses necessary to build a rough foundation.

1. Ladder;
2. Construction trestle;
3. Self-tapping screws, screwdriver;
4. Sheathing material, heat and vapor barrier;
5. Construction level, stationery knife;
6. Antiseptic, construction adhesive, fire-fighting compound.

First, I inspect the beams for defects: cracks, chips, curvature, mold, cover the cracks with putty, clean suspicious areas, treat them with an antiseptic, primer, after which they can be painted, if necessary, to do it once and for centuries.

The rough base together with the beams can be treated with an antiseptic with the addition of a teaspoon of universal construction glue so that the mixture does not drip and creates a more durable film.

How can I hem the ceiling?

The interior and style of the room largely depend on the material with which the rough ceiling will be covered. In addition, the specific features of the repair location should be taken into account.

You can hem the ceiling with the following materials:

1. Drywall. GCR is affordable and quite easy to use. It is glued to the rough ceiling or screwed to a spatial frame made of a steel profile. Please note that in damp rooms only moisture-resistant drywall should be installed. External putty of the assembled surface is required.
2. Plastic panels. These products have a presentable surface and are light in weight. As a rule, they are fixed to a frame made of timber, steel or plastic profile. If the base is well leveled, then the panels are glued to it using liquid nails.
3. Wooden lining. This type of finishing has a pleasant and beautiful appearance, is environmentally friendly and durable. The slats can be attached either to a solid base or to a frame. Fixation is carried out using thin nails without heads or self-tapping screws.
4. MDF panels. The front part of these products can imitate wood, natural stone, sky or plants. Fastening is carried out using special clamps (clasps), which press the edge of the slats to the base or frame.
5. Plywood. Before installation, plywood sheets must be treated with an antiseptic and primer. If installation is carried out on a frame, then the joints of the sheets should be on its guides. After installation, seams are sealed and painted.
6. Siding. Plastic siding is an ideal material for finishing non-residential and damp rooms, such as a bathroom, summer kitchen, garage and balcony. Installation of this coating is quite simple and does not take much time.

The choice of material for lining a rough ceiling depends on the purpose of the room, the taste and financial capabilities of the owner of the building.

Combination of finishes

To ensure that the renovation results in an original design of the ceiling surface, you can combine some types of finishes. For example, if the main material is wood, then it goes well with tension systems and drywall when arranging multi-level systems. Wooden elements decorate beams or some niches.

If, when choosing what to line the ceiling with, a decision is made in favor of plastic panels, they are laid in niches between the beams, and the beams themselves are covered with moisture-resistant plasterboard or natural wood. Tension fabrics look similarly good in combination with wood and plasterboard.

How to make a rough ceiling from boards on wooden beams

The construction of a plank sub-ceiling is carried out in two stages:

• first of all, you need to secure the boards to the joists - as mentioned above, they can be nailed or screwed onto self-tapping screws;
• then you need to put insulation and waterproofing on top of the boards.

We make the rough ceiling from boards slightly smaller than the span between the beams

A rough ceiling made from boards located below the joists is a simple and practical option. Its construction takes a minimum of time, so anyone can handle it. The disadvantage of this design is that the beams will be covered by the ceiling, and it will not be possible to reach them easily and quickly if necessary. However, there is another, more complex option for attaching boards.

We suggest you familiarize yourself with How to properly install a ceiling-passage assembly for a chimney in a bathhouse

In this case, they are located on top of the beams:

• first, it is necessary to secure the cranial bars to the logs;
• then boards are laid on them;
• then you need to lay thermal insulation and a vapor barrier layer; they can be placed both above and below the boards.

This option is often used if the beams will be used as a decorative element, that is, they will remain visible when the construction of the interfloor ceiling is completed. This approach allows you to create a rather harsh, textured interior that will look very impressive and stylish.

Beams on the ceiling as a decorative element

In order to build a ceiling from plywood, you need to correctly assemble the sheathing and then fasten the plywood to it. As with boards, you need to carefully ensure that the sheets fit snugly against each other and there are no gaps between them.

The work is carried out in the following order:

• first of all, you need to shoot a vapor barrier membrane to the joists;
• since the vapor barrier membrane will not withstand the insulation layer, after laying it you need to make a frame that will simultaneously perform this task and serve as the basis for attaching the plywood itself;
• Sheets of plywood are attached to the resulting sheathing;
• After this, insulation is laid on top.

Plywood rough ceiling

Features of installation work

The event includes several stages, each of which is mandatory and ultimately important. The first of these is proper preparation of the beams. The following steps are performed here:

• the support beam is checked for reliability and overall quality;
• bark remnants, fungal formations, and unevenness are removed (if the above is present or provided for by the project);
• Preventive treatment of the array with antifungal and fire retardant additives is carried out.

If the ceiling is to be hemmed with a continuous flooring, then a vapor barrier sheet is first attached to the lower surface of the beams. It is easier to use staples and a construction stapler as fasteners; “punctures” are protected with metallized tape. Next, the sheathing is assembled. The guides here are fixed with nails or screws at right angles to the base supports. There are three ways to level the plane:

• install wooden liners;
• cut off excess from the beams;
• form grooves for frame elements.

The simplest sheathing consists of guides on the sides of the beams Source kontakt-keramika.ru
If, according to the design, the beams remain open, then the vapor barrier is laid according to the technology on the upper plane. More often, the space between the support bars is used to insulate floors. Therefore, the sheathing is attached to the sides of the beams. Here, the alignment of the perimeter and plane is also carried out in compliance with one of the above methods.

DIY wall decoration

Tools for working with drywall.

Before starting installation work, you need to pay attention to the fact that wood is a moving material that has temporary shrinkage, due to which distortions, cracks and other defects may occur on the finishing base. Wood is a material very sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature; it can shrink and swell

Wood is a material that is very sensitive to changes in humidity and temperature; it can shrink and swell.

This fact must be taken into account when carrying out repair work.

Tools and materials

Wall cladding in a wooden house begins with the construction of a frame, which can be made of wooden blocks or a metal profile. The second option, although it has a slightly higher cost, is much easier to work with, since the wooden blocks are not perfectly smooth.

The metal frame consists of the following elements:

• UD profile (guide) – attached along the entire perimeter of the walls;
• CD profile (load-bearing) – mounted vertically in increments of no more than 60 cm;
• U-shaped fasteners - used to fix load-bearing elements;
• dowels or screws.

To cover walls with your own hands, you will also need some tools:

• electric drill;
• screwdriver;
• stationery knife;
• roulette;
• level;
• plumb line

Installation of the frame and fastening of drywall sheets

To simplify the task of constructing a frame, a diagram of the fastening of the profiles is drawn on a sheet of paper at the selected scale. It should be taken into account that the supporting profile must be installed in such a way that the joints of the drywall fall in the middle of it.

Then, using a building level, lines are drawn on the ceiling with an indentation of 10-15 mm parallel to the walls. After this, the resulting lines are projected onto the floor, for which you can use the same level and plumb line. On the lower projection, the attachment points of the supporting profile are marked.

Once the markings are completed, you can proceed to installing the frame. Along the perimeter of the walls, exactly along the drawn line, guides are attached to the floor and ceiling with self-tapping screws. Load-bearing elements are installed between the UD profile according to the markings and secured with short screws.

If you plan to insulate the house, then a layer of thermal insulation material is laid between the vertical posts, for which it is recommended to use mineral wool. To give the frame rigidity, after 100-150 cm the supporting profile is attached to the wall using U-shaped hangers.

At the last stage of work, the metal frame is sheathed with gypsum board. Small screws are used as fastening elements, which are mounted in increments of 15-25 cm. The heads of the screws should be pressed into the drywall so that they do not interfere with further finishing.

Factory slats

The choice of which board to hem the ceiling is not limited to blanks made of solid wood or chopped wood. For example, an alternative to lining can be a metal slatted ceiling, and plastic panels can be used as an alternative to parquet and veneer planks. In general, piece samples can be replaced with a continuous tension fabric with polymer components.

Artificial lining

The slatted ceiling can be made of metal or plastic. The kit may include either single lamellas or additional strips for masking seams. The typesetting canvas can be installed along and across the light flux in dry, damp, residential and unheated rooms.

One of the options for combining floor beams and slatted ceiling Source sofacope.com

Installation of a slatted ceiling begins with the installation of L-shaped strips along the entire perimeter of the area under the cladding. U-shaped profiles with hooks rest on them. Sagging of the “sheathing” is prevented with the help of special ceiling hangers. After this, the slats are fixed.

Instead of a slatted ceiling, many craftsmen install siding inside the house. It can be metal or vinyl. For installation, a specialized profile is used in the form of a starting and finishing strip and a corner for masking the ends.

MDF panels and plastic analogues

In fact, MDF panels are a type of fiberboard. Wood fiber is also used here. Only the fraction is smaller and lignin is used as a binder. Pressed blanks are sold unfinished or painted, laminated or veneered. All samples are characterized by high strength, density and resistance to changes in humidity. However, the latter concerns conditions inside a heated room with low rates. That is, they are not recommended for use in the bathroom.

An example of finishing a ceiling with veneer panels Source almode.ru

Rough ceiling finish

There are many durable materials for lining a rough ceiling, embodying the intended interior, a special design of the room, even without cladding, in an antique style. Depending on the purpose of the interior of the room, finishing and decor are selected.

Filing the rough ceiling

For example, for rough renovations, interior design, when planning a design or decor in a bathhouse, you cannot use the following elements:

Various wooden ceiling panels: chipboard, fiberboard, plywood, because with high humidity they will deform. Plastic, it can be used to decorate a rough base, a ceiling with a wood and antique look, to emphasize the design even without facing cladding, but it has poor thermal insulation properties, condensation will form, and then mold on the finish. Timber containing resins that will drip when heated

This can be lath or MDF, it is important to check before purchasing.. https://www.youtube.com/embed/LeOoQZaFNc0

Finishing and decor options

If the veranda is closed, then the following options for finishing and decorating the ceiling are possible:

1. Whitewashing - lime or chalk mixed with water is applied to a carefully leveled surface; it's cheap but boring. You need to whiten in several layers, drying each one. Condensation will leave dark or yellow stains, moisture will make this finish wet, so you will have to whitewash it often.
2. Painting - choose oil- or acrylic-based paint in a light shade, it is resistant to moisture, and this color scheme will create the feeling that the space has become larger. If you have a penchant for drawing, you can create patterns to your liking. This is the least labor-intensive option that does not require special qualifications for execution, but all the errors of the base will be clearly visible.
3. Wallpaper - for such decor it is necessary that the veranda be heated. You can choose any colors or buy a type for painting and do it yourself. They can be varnished. Modern sellers can offer non-woven, vinyl or liquid wallpaper. However, in conditions of high humidity, the glue loses its properties, and this finish will soon become unusable.

So, there are many options for covering the ceiling on the veranda; there are those that are installed by specialists, and those that can be installed without qualifications. The main requirement for a material is the ability to withstand the conditions in which it will be used. But do not forget that you will not feel comfortable on a veranda with a coating that you do not like visually.

Load-bearing beams as a decorative element

So, it was decided to leave the beams in the form of timber as a decorative element. What is done in this case, what work is carried out. The simplest option is to lay 30-40 mm thick boards on top of them, which will determine either the rough ceiling or the finished one.

As for the finishing design. To do this, use tongue-and-groove boards with a moisture content of no more than 20%. Before laying them on top of the beams, the latter are leveled in a horizontal plane by removing a layer of protruding surfaces, for which an electric planer is used. You can, of course, carry out leveling by raising or lowering each beam, but this is a more complicated option. Moreover, if high-quality beams were chosen as load-bearing ceiling structures, then their dimensional parameters are quite accurate, which will reduce the number of layers removed with a power tool.

After leveling work, the tongue and groove boards are laid, as if they were being installed on the floor. It's done like this:

1. The first board is laid with a tenon towards the wall with a gap from the wall surface within 10 mm (in case of thermal and moisture expansion of the wood).
2. The board is aligned with the wall.
3. The board is attached to wooden beams with self-tapping screws, the length of which is twice the width of the board.
4. A 50x50 mm rail is fixed along the beams parallel to the board. The distance from it to the first board is 2-3 cm greater than the thickness of the already laid ceiling element.
5. The second board is installed with a tenon in the groove.
6. Several wedges are driven between it and the hammered lath, which will tightly press the second board to the first.
7. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws.
8. The rail is dismantled and moved with the fastening further to the same distance. And the entire installation process is repeated.

Plank flooring is laid on wooden beams to form a ceiling

What happens in the end? The load-bearing beams are visible from inside the house; plank flooring is laid on them without gaps or cracks. All that remains is to finish the overall structure from the inside: paint or varnish.

As for the ceiling itself:

• on the upper side, the tongue-and-groove boards are covered with a waterproofing membrane;
• insulation is laid on top;
• another layer of waterproofing.

Second option

If the load-bearing beams serve as supports for the floor of the upper floor, then the process of forming both the floor and the ceiling is carried out differently. Skull bars are punched along the beams (along them), to which pieces of finishing ceiling material are attached from below. It can be the same boards, plywood, drywall and others.

Skull bars on beams

A pie of waterproofing, insulation and another waterproofing layer is placed on top of the resulting structure. The last material is laid on the beams. And already on them the floor of the upper floor is formed.

It turns out that on the lower floor the beams will not be visible to their entire height, but only to part of it. At the same time, the amount of materials used for finishing increases. And one moment. This design does not have a draft ceiling as such. Here, most likely, there will be a subfloor, which is mounted on wooden beams (from above).

Working with lumber

Natural wood is the most environmentally friendly option that holds heat well, lasts a long time and looks aesthetically pleasing. The option of lining the ceiling with boards is more often considered. It can be edged, unedged, made of deciduous or coniferous wood. Also in demand are lining, block house, calibrated river (20*30 mm), blanks with veneer. More expensive options such as knee and heat-treated wood also look interesting.

An example of a ceiling made of edged boards with open floor beams Source na-dache.pro

Let's consider what size board to choose for lining the ceiling. If we start from the ceiling area, then 15 sq.m. is taken as a guideline. In a small room, a canvas made from narrow blanks up to 100-120 mm wide looks better. Large structures are usually decorated with boards, lining or block houses 150-180 mm. To make such a ceiling more attractive, you can divide the area into separate sectors. Here, floor beams can be considered an excellent solution, regardless of the degree of their opening in height.

Installation of the ceiling, regardless of which board it is decided to sheathe it with, is carried out in two ways: on top of the beams or on the sheathing. The difficulty of the second option lies only in creating a flat plane across the entire working area. You can visually hide unevenness by using an unedged board by laying it in two layers (the bottom one overlaps the seams in the top one).

An example of using unedged boards for a ceiling with beams Source par-torg.com

The most important stages of ceiling cladding

Depending on the construction and finishing technology you choose, the ceiling can be:

1. Embossed. Characterized by an original design, it attracts with its quality and ease of assembly. Assembled from chipped timber or unedged boards.
2. Rack and pinion. It is considered the highest aerobatics in the art of artistic decoration. The result will definitely please you - it is a successful combination of box-shaped caissons and protrusions-battens, alternating with depressions.
3. Hemmed. It is this option that interests us most. The material used is lining, panels or ordinary boards. All of them are mounted on a frame mounted on the ceiling. Such species as oak, linden, as well as conifers (larch, pine, etc.) were and remain relevant.

We advise you to immediately stock up on tools such as a tape measure and a pencil, lacing, a hacksaw, a square, a hammer and a screwdriver.

Insulation during the installation process is desirable, but not mandatory. It is necessary if you have a completely cold superstructure above your head. Insulation (often with flashing for soundproofing) is applied to the ceiling that separates the attic from the space below. The spacer can simply be nailed, secured with twine, or glued to the attic beam.

The final stage will be cladding. The longitudinal classic styling looks very solid and solid. The combination of boards in dark and light colors looks no less interesting. Most often it can be seen in country houses and baths. And if we do not hem the ceiling with a board ourselves, but hire some virtuoso carpenter, even from one type of board he will be able to make something spectacular: trapezoids, fans, checkers.

Design features of floors

The main feature of such ceilings is that they consist of several layers.

• Support beams. They form the base, are placed on the surface of the ceiling at a certain distance and are attached to each other using timber.
• Attic floor. It is a flooring made of wooden planks that separates the roof from the floors.
• Insulation. Polyurethane foam, mineral wool and polystyrene are most often used as thermal insulation. This layer of construction protects the room from cold air currents that can penetrate through the roof or interfloor ceilings.

• Vapor barrier. It is laid in order to prevent the accumulation of condensation and create an optimal microclimate in the room.
• Rough ceiling. It is a coating that is attached to the sheathing; OSB boards, boards or plywood sheets are used as the finishing material for cladding. The sheathing is usually made from slats. After installing the rough ceiling, decorative cladding is performed, with the help of which the covering is either completely sewn up, or the beams are simply hidden.

Before making a black ceiling, in order to obtain a high-quality result, you should understand what constitutes an interfloor ceiling in a wooden building. It consists of several layers and each performs a specific function. Provided that all elements are assembled correctly, the ceiling will be reliable and will last for a long period.

The interfloor ceiling in the basic version has 5 layers:

1. Plank floor. If there is another floor on top, you also need to lay a floor for it. The plank layer can be rough, for finishing, it can be used as a finishing option.
2. Vapor barrier. Despite the fact that some owners do not make this layer, to obtain a high-quality result it is advisable to lay a vapor barrier material.
3. Insulation. Creating thermal insulation is necessary to keep the house warm. This is especially important when there is an unheated attic or roof above the ceiling.
4. Waterproofing. This layer is needed to protect the wood from destruction due to moisture.
5. Rough ceiling in a wooden house. It is used to attach finishing trim. It is also a support for waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier.

There are different options for completing the final finishing of the ceiling. The most popular is the use of plasterboard boards. To secure them, a metal frame is assembled. This finishing method is practical, easy to implement and inexpensive. The result is excellent if everything is done correctly.

To install a rough ceiling on wooden beams, first boards are attached to them, then insulation and waterproofing are laid, and then all that remains is to finish the ceiling surface with plasterboard or other material.

Any wooden ceilings are laid on the frame and frame-panel structure of the house, since its walls are not designed for heavy loads.

Here the ceiling is a horizontal fence, a kind of wall, but the installation of this ceiling differs from the construction of walls.

Sections of ceiling beams

• The load-bearing base of the ceiling is made of wood - beams, the size of which is calculated in the diagram of the power frame of the house.
• The beams are made from round timber, processed into beams, edging or boards with a thickness of at least 60 mm, which are installed on the edge. You can use 50mm thick boards paired with nails or staples. But it’s better to construct a box from boards.

On large spans, the beam is also supported on internal walls, or even on intermediate pillars

• Sheet flooring is made in non-residential premises due to its low noise-absorbing and heat-insulating qualities. The essence of the ceiling: plank flooring is placed on the load-bearing beams - the floor of the attic.
• A hemmed ceiling is made in a country house or attic house, since the thermal insulation properties of such a ceiling are sufficient only for seasonal use of the room. To do this, we fill tongue-and-groove boards on both sides of the beams.
• We lay sound-absorbing material on the bottom lining. The insulation backfill on the boards of the lower floor should be light so as not to tear the boards away from the beam. Sawdust or husk will do. This is the ceiling of the lower floor.
• The top flooring is the attic floor.

1 – sheets of drywall; 2 - tongue and groove boards - floor panel; 3 - waterproofing; 4 - sound insulation; 5 – floor beam; 6 - lag; 7 - floor boards; 8 - cranial beam bars

Material options for lining a rough ceiling with wooden beams

If you plan to frame the ceiling along wooden beams, then most often the owners use gypsum plasterboard sheets and lining. But if the rough covering is made of good quality boards, you can do without decorating the surface.

Wooden boards, plywood - the price of materials is affordable, you can choose plywood from $20 (RUR 1,300) per sheet, and solid boards from $85 (RUR 5,500) per m3

When choosing boards for hemming that you plan to leave without finishing, you should pay attention to the quality of the cut - cutting without falling out knots or black spots will look more aesthetically pleasing on the ceiling

Materials and tools

The materials you will need are a 25 mm thick board, screws or nails with a pin length of 45-55 mm, and skull blocks. But the insulation is selected according to the characteristics of the premises. Most often, mineral wool is used in wooden houses. The sheets are already sold with a foil insulating layer that reflects heat back into the room. Also, the elements have a stable shape and are convenient for display alone.

Set of tools:

• construction stapler and staples;
• screwdriver;
• hammer;
• saw;
• square and pencil.

Technology of hemming the ceiling with boards

To make a rough ceiling made of wood, you should choose a cladding option - below or above the beams. The algorithm is simple - first, boards are nailed, then layers of heat, hydro, and vapor barriers are laid.

And now in more detail how to fix the boards on the joists:

1. It is easiest to sheathe the bottom side of the joist. The board covers the bottom surface of the beam, fastening it with nails or self-tapping screws. Thus, the beam structures are hidden behind the plank flooring, so if it is necessary to replace elements, the entire surface of the ceiling will have to be dismantled.
2. Sheathing above the beams is a little more difficult. Moreover, the beams will remain open, which means they will require decoration so as not to spoil the aesthetics of the room.

How to make a rough ceiling higher than the beams:

• attach cranial bars to the side surface of the log - this is a bar with a cross-section of 40x40 mm;
• cut the boards for hemming according to the pitch of the beams;
• fasten the boards for the rough ceiling along the bottom of the skull beam so that the direction of the board is perpendicular to the location of the beams;
• fix the boards with nails or screws.

All that remains is to lay insulating materials on top of the boards and sew up the entire surface. You can consider an option in which the board is laid out on top of the cranial block. Here both the beams and the cranial block remain visible - it looks beautiful, but you will have to choose high-quality timber and decorate it with protective varnish.

Selection of sheet materials

Let's consider how you can hem the ceiling along wooden beams in a house made of aerated concrete, brick or solid wood. You need to choose the best option taking into account the load on the future canvas, temperature and humidity conditions in a particular room, individual preferences regarding the composition and final appearance of the finish.

Fiberboard

If you need a budget option without special requirements for visual appeal, then you can decorate the ceiling with sheets of wood fiber. The canvases are characterized by flexibility, which is why there is a possibility of sagging, especially in conditions of high or variable humidity. Therefore, installation is carried out with complete closure of the floor beams.

Example of ceiling finishing with fiberboard sheets Source ixbt.photo

The work process begins with the assembly of the sheathing. For this purpose, lumber blanks with a cross section of 20*40 or 20*60 mm are attached between the supporting beams in the same plane. For reliability, analogue joists are attached above them to ensure the bending strength of the sheathing. Or, first, full-fledged logs from the board are attached, and grooves are cut into them for the bars. The pitch is chosen so that 4 rows of screws or nails can be placed along the sheet (two of them are on the edges). Whenever possible, the material is laid in a checkerboard pattern.

Plywood

This material against the background of fiberboard is a more durable solution than lining the ceiling with wooden beams. Here the supports can be completely or partially hidden, less often the sheets are used as a subfloor on the upper floor. In each case, different thicknesses are considered (usually up to 10 mm) and the range includes regular and moisture-resistant samples.

An example of using plywood in the interior of a private house Source player.hu

Installation of thin workpieces due to the risk of sagging is carried out using frame technology. That is, the support sheathing is pre-assembled. The pitch between the guides is selected depending on the thickness of the slabs and their weight. In the future, after priming, the surface can be painted or pasted over. The seams are filled and smoothed using a special wood putty.

OSB or OSB

This is another relatively inexpensive wood option for lining the ceiling. Installation is carried out by analogy with plywood. The slabs consist of chaotically arranged sawdust and shavings, which are held together with a special adhesive solution. It provides a high degree of resistance to changes in humidity. It also reduces vapor permeability, which can cause yellow stains to appear in the kitchen or bathroom.

An example of using OSB boards in a residential area Source 1000dosok.ru

Depending on the quality, it contains formaldehyde resin, which is harmful to health. Therefore, initially OSB is a pita for finishing a house outside and in unheated rooms. But substances are released, as a rule, when the canvas is heated above 35-40 degrees Celsius, which rarely happens in a living room, bedroom or living room.

Drywall

Plasterboard sheets are a universal option for sewing up a ceiling. This is due to ease of installation, ease of material processing, and relatively low weight. On top of the canvas, you can subsequently perform any actual decorative finishing. The range of finished products allows you to make the best choice for any type of premises.

An example of plasterboard ceiling cladding with partial concealment of floor beams Source na-dache.pro

The ceiling is installed using the frame method. To assemble it, you can use a wooden beam or a plasterboard metal profile (racks and guides). The beams can be hidden completely or partially. The main thing is not to attach sheets directly to them in order to prevent the destruction of the finish due to different thermal expansion of the materials. If it is necessary to create a sheathing with a large area, ceiling suspensions are additionally used.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in the reconstruction and rebuilding of houses