What is polymer coating? Polymer coating of metal

1. Polymer coatings: types
2. Anti-friction coatings as a type of polymer
3. Features of polymer coatings
4. Application technology

The use of polymer coatings allows you to protect metal surfaces from corrosion, mechanical damage, external, chemical and other influences. They are powdery substances based on various resins and polymers.

What's the point?

To improve the performance properties of the metal, polymers are used that can react under certain conditions. Such coatings are dry compositions based on finely dispersed powder, to which hardeners, fillers and pigments are additionally added. It was not by chance that the polymer coating was chosen to increase the protective properties of the metal: metals conduct electric current, as a result, the charge is transferred to the product, resulting in the formation of an electrostatic field. It attracts powder particles, holding them on the surface of the workpiece. The peculiarity of the polymer coating is its high degree of resistance to any type of impact. Moreover, it is aesthetically pleasing.

Surface preparation

Before painting, the metal must be prepared. To do this, follow three steps:

1. Degrease the material with a solvent (for example, gasoline or acetone).
2. Clean welded joints from scale and slag.
3. Clean the surface from rust and other contaminants. Coat the metal with phosphates, which will increase its hardness, wear resistance under friction conditions, and protect against corrosion. If the metal has already been processed, you need to remove traces of the old coating and corrosion products.

It is recommended to ventilate the room, wear comfortable clothing, a mask and gloves to avoid contact with the dye. You need to prepare the necessary tools - roller, paint, pallet, brush. The painting area needs good lighting. Insulation from dirt will not hurt.

Cleaning welds from scale

How does polymerization take place?

The powder coating shop consists of several sections:

• Product preparation area: in order for the polymer coating to be applied correctly and evenly, the metal product is first thoroughly cleaned of dust, rust, and dirt. It is advisable to use effective sandblasting and phosphating. A mandatory step is degreasing the metal surface.
• Spray booths: The spray booth is where the actual painting is done. The chamber is thermal, it can heat up to a temperature of 200 degrees and warms up evenly. The powder begins to melt, due to which an even and smooth coating is formed over the entire surface of the metal, and its pores are filled.
• Polymerization of the product is carried out in a cooling chamber: here the temperature gradually drops and the polymer film becomes harder. After 24 hours, the polymer coating is ready for use.

Painting process

The master will protect you from unsuccessful results and waste of dye. Skills and experience play a significant role here. The hired worker knows the nuances of painting metals and will avoid mistakes. The process of polymer coloring of metal includes two main stages: painting and polymerization.

Please note: Calculation of powder paint consumption for metal

Painting stage

The surface is suspended on special hooks, to which the DC circuit “Ground” is connected. The negative cable connects the terminal of the electrical element and the surface (in most cases, the body of the product being painted). The positive cable is routed to the power source. The use of wire is explained by the fact that it allows you to “reduce” the mass of the thing. In the case of large products, like a tower, there is no question of hanging. But here, too, there are recommendations: natural factors influence the coating of outdoor structures. There is no need to paint surfaces in hot sunny weather. The coating will partially peel off. Due to the “flap” effect, you will have to start work again. In this case, there will be a labor-intensive process of removing the layer. During possible dew, the adhesion between the paint and the metal will be disrupted. Only after following these procedures does polymer painting of the metal begin. Rush is unacceptable, otherwise the film will be distributed unevenly. The product must be applied in one layer at a time. There is no need to wait for the mixture to dry; you can immediately proceed to polymerization.

Metal painting

Polymerization stage

Polymerization is the progressive heating of a metal product (up to 200 degrees) for an hour in a special oven. At this stage, it is important to regulate the temperature and time depending on the surface being heated, since sintering of the coating occurs. You should pay attention to both the final temperature in the chamber and the rate of its increase. Then the paint on the metal will be successful; the substance will evenly fill its entire surface, including hard-to-reach places.

Box for polymerization

First polymerization

The first layer is called soil. The product is sent for heating as soon as it is applied. After the first polymerization, the oven itself must cool down to 100 degrees, this may take several hours. You cannot look into the chamber or try to influence the temperature inside it: the finish may crack.

Please note: Forging paint for metal

Second polymerization

The second layer is called paint. It is applied after the metal product has cooled, then the surface undergoes polymerization again. The procedure is no different from the first heating. Likewise, the product should not be tested in an oven or attempted to cool. There is also a third layer - varnish coating. It is a decorative element and is not always used, mainly for cars. When using it, it is also necessary to subject the product to the polymerization process and allow it to cool on its own.

Painting technology: what's the point?

Powder coating is applied in several stages. At the first stage, the surfaces are processed. It is very important that metal products are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and oxides, and degreasing the surface will promote improved adhesion. After preparation, the masking stage is performed, that is, those elements of the metal product that should not be exposed to the powder composition are hidden.

The parts to be processed are loaded onto a transport system and then sent to the painting booth. After spraying, a powder layer is formed on the metal. At the polymerization stage, a coating is formed, which is a melting of a layer of paint.

Polyester coatings, application, stability, chemical resistance of polyesters

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What are the features?

Metal treated with a polymer coating is characterized by reliability and increased strength. This is explained by the fact that a sealed monolithic film is formed, completely covering the surface of the product and firmly adhering to it. Thanks to the polymer coating, the metal has:

• high adhesion to the surface;
• high strength and wear resistance;
• long service life while maintaining original properties;
• rich color range;
• fast production cycle.

Polymer coating of metal is carried out on the basis of various materials and coloring powders. The choice of a specific substance depends on the purpose for which the coating is applied and how important the decorative properties are.

What it is?

Polymer paint is a mixture based on a polymer solution and dyes. Polymers form a film on the product. Hardeners and plasticizers are special additives responsible for distributing and fixing the film and its adhesion to the surface. The mixture has two consistencies - liquid or dry. Benefits of the powder:

• does not smell;
• has a wide selection of coloring agents;
• simply stored;
• easy to transport from place to place;
• economical when used correctly;
• does not emit dangerous vapors that are harmful to the environment and humans.

However, one disadvantage may outweigh all the advantages - applying the powder requires expensive equipment or a sprayer. Otherwise, the substance will be wasted and you will have to start over. Polymer products are mainly suitable for metal, in rare cases - for glass, concrete, and wood. Polymer coloring of this material is especially common today. This is explained by the fact that polymers are connected to metal by magnetic induction. Application to other materials is possible, but the product will not last long on them. Polymer finishing is used to cover water pipes, swimming pools, warehouse elements, and metal floors. Painting involves treating the surface with a powder mixture (“dry” painting). Experts believe that this method will allow the resulting film to last at least 20 years, maintaining its original properties and color.

Powder paints for metal

Polyester

Polyester is most often used for polymer coating of metal. This is an inexpensive material with a high level of flexibility and moldability, and it can also be used in any climatic conditions. The polyester-based polymer-coated sheet is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and corrosion. The material forms a high-quality and durable film on the surface, so that steel sheets are delivered intact under any transportation conditions.

Matte polyester is also widely used: the coating has a very small thickness, and the metal surface is matte. The peculiarity of this material is its high color fastness, good resistance to corrosion and mechanical stress.

VIKING (Viking)

VIKING (Viking) comes in two types: Viking in a thickness of 0.45 mm and the improved Viking E in a thickness of 0.5 mm.

VIKING 0.45 mm (Viking) is a TEXTURED MATTE coating, its thickness is 30 microns. Thanks to special methods of application and polymerization, it acquires a unique texture.

It is characterized by increased plasticity and color fastness. In production, steel sheets of 0.45-0.47 mm are used. A ten-year operational warranty is provided.

VIKING (Viking) E 0.5 mm is, accordingly, also a textured MATTE coating with a metal thickness of 0.5 mm and a polymer layer thickness of not 30 µm, but 45 µm.

Viking is the result of cooperation between the domestic company Metal Profile and the Swedish AkzoNobel. In close collaboration, it was possible to create a special F670 coating with a layer of 30 microns and a unique matte texture.

Advantages of Viking coating:

• matte surface, improving the aesthetic component of the material;
• the special texture of the polymer layer gives the metal tiles a presentable appearance;
• provides reliable protection of the metal base of the roofing material from corrosion and other negative influences.

Colors in Viking coating:

RAL 7024 (wet asphalt)

RAL 3011 (brick red)

RAL 8017 (chocolate)

RAL 6005 (dark green)

RAL 9005 (black)

Plastisol

Another popular polymer coating for metal is plastisol. This decorative material contains polyvinyl chloride, plasticizers; Outwardly, it attracts attention with its embossed surface. This is the most expensive coating, and at the same time the most resistant to mechanical damage due to the large thickness of the coating. On the other hand, the material does not have high temperature resistance, and therefore the coating will deteriorate when exposed to sunlight at high temperatures. Due to the large thickness, the corrosion resistance of plastisol is high.

Steel with a polymer coating based on pural, which has a silky-matte structural surface, is popular. Resistance to temperature changes and chemicals makes this composition popular for metal processing.

Characteristics and scope

Regardless of the consistency of the mixture, it has several important parameters. Properties of polymer paint for metal:

1. Adhesion to the material at the molecular level.
2. Shape change when the material is damaged.
3. Resistant to water, protects metal from corrosion (even boats can be painted).
4. Resistance to open fire (you can paint barbecues or stove boilers), temperature changes.
5. Constancy of color (it does not fade or wear off) when in contact with sunlight.
6. Tolerance to chemical solvents (alkali, acids).

Pay attention to: Fire retardant paint: principle of operation and scope, types of paint for metal and wood, the best manufacturers

Polymer painting has everyday advantages: cost-effectiveness (if used correctly), a wide selection of coloring agents. There are also disadvantages: the difficulty of removing and covering it yourself. You need expensive equipment. To apply the liquid product, additional expensive equipment is not needed, but painting skills are required. The master solves the problem with experience. The paint itself is available at a good price, but the equipment requires a large investment, and without it there is no question of any profitability. A person who takes on the finishing of metal products without certain skills will waste the substance. The scope of application of the funds can be external and internal. For outdoor use (for example, for the facade of a house or furniture), polyester or polyurethane products are suitable. For internal use (mainly for household appliances) - epoxy, acrylic or polyester products in dry form. Polyesters are often used to paint car bodies. This is interesting: the choice of anti-corrosion paint.

Wide choice of colors

Characteristics of polymer-coated steel

Features of polymer-coated materials are strength, formability, and high corrosion resistance. After processing, the steel acquires a beautiful appearance, which can be given any colors and shades. Rolling is carried out in accordance with GOST, the polymer coating is of high quality. Painted rolled products can have a one- or two-layer coating; options are possible when the substance is applied on one or both sides. Thanks to the polymer coating, the performance properties of steel are improved:

• polymer-coated metal can be processed into finished products;
• the coating is distributed evenly over the surface, therefore the degree of protection is uniform;
• the absence of pores guarantees a good level of protective properties;
• steel has good adhesion;
• metal can retain its protective and decorative properties for more than 10 years.

From an economic point of view, galvanized steel with a polymer coating is more profitable: firstly, it contributes to high productivity and quality, since the cost of coating is reduced. Secondly, the buyer does not need to invest in additional steel treatment to protect its surface. Note that the anti-corrosion properties of galvanized steel, which is treated with a polymer coating, depend on the thickness of the layer. To increase the service life of steel products, they are additionally coated with two layers of polymer, which makes the protection of the metal even higher.

Where are polymer metals used?

Areas of application:

• shipbuilding;
• mechanical engineering;
• assembly of various equipment.

Metal structures are made from individual parts that will be installed in water or places with high humidity levels.

Polymer metal in mechanical engineering (Instagram / bazz_linser)

Coating features

Polymer coating is a film that has a whole range of unique performance characteristics. Pre-painted rolled products are created on the basis of several types of polymers. Any material processed using this method - steel sheet or polymer-coated mesh - is impact resistant, corrosion resistant and has high adhesion. It is also important that powder coating allows you to make the metal surface of any color, including artificially aged, for example, in antique style.

Today, a popular method of painting rolled steel is Coil Coating. The essence of the method is that the coating is applied on an automated line, that is, rolled sheets are processed on the line, after which the coating is applied to them using roller machines. This technology has become widespread due to the fact that there is no loss of materials, and the line itself is more productive, and therefore profitable.

As with any other finishing work, you first need to prepare the surface, after which it is painted. This technology allows for high-quality processing of steel, aluminum and tinplate. Thus, a polymer coating is an opportunity to improve the performance properties of the metal, increase its protective properties and ensure long service life.

Application of a polymer layer

The polymer layer is applied using special equipment in industrial chambers.

Polymer application conditions

Features of the work:

1. The humidity level in the treatment area should not exceed 60%.
2. Work must be carried out in a sealed chamber.
3. It is necessary to clear the work area of ​​foreign objects in advance.
4. The part must be secured.

Do not apply a protective coating outdoors, in dirty rooms with a lot of dust and debris.

Metal preparation

To increase the adhesion of plastic to metal, surfaces must be properly prepared. They need to be cleaned of dirt and wiped with a solvent to remove grease stains. Treatments to remove plaque can be done chemically, thermally or mechanically. It is important to make the surfaces smooth and remove dirt.

Mixing and applying the polymer composition

The polymer composition can be mixed with callers to change color. Coating:

1. The lighting in the sealed chamber is turned on. The master dresses in a chemical protection suit.
2. The parts are hung on hooks or clamped in special fasteners.
3. A negative cable, called ground, is hung on the workpieces.
4. The camera with the master closes, he applies paint.

The application process should be slow. It is important to apply the coating evenly over the surfaces to avoid unevenness.

Application of polymer coating (Instagram / ilber.aktobe)

Thermal stabilization of polymer metal

After applying the paint, the part is slowly heated to change the properties and characteristics of the material. The workpieces are immersed in a special chamber, which is heated to 200°C. The duration of thermal stabilization is 60 minutes. After this, you need to turn off the oven and leave it to cool to 100°C. When it cools down, you can open the chamber. If you try to cool the parts forcibly, the protective layer will crack.

Manufacturers of liquid plastic

Manufacturers of two-component plastics, mainly foreign:

• Cosmofen - German.
• CRYSTAL CLEAR – Smooth-On, USA.
• Liquid plastic of the PolyCast brand is produced in Italy.
• NATICAST-manufacturer Italy.
• EasyFlo –Polytek, USA.
• Axson F160 – Axson, France.
• PU plastic JETICAST 70 – China.

Russian manufacturers:

• Yaroslavl paint and varnish.
• Novosibirsk LLC "TECHNOCENTER" - Sofradecor.
• Silagerm 4010 – PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION “TECHNOLOGY-PLAST”.
• Liquid PVC TN – “TechnoNikol”.

The use of one-component liquid plastic allows you to reliably protect structures from negative influences, and the use of two-component liquid plastic allows you to create unique products with your own hands.

Liquid plastic for pouring (into mold)

This type of liquid plastic is somewhat different from the above plastics, since it is produced in the form of a two-component material and is used only to create architectural details, various figures and other various objects.

Material for creativity can be obtained by mixing two or more components, the result is a fluid substance, which, after pouring into a mold, quickly, in just a few minutes, hardens to a glassy state. Liquid plastic reproduces the smallest elements and texture of a given shape, and in addition:

• has high mechanical properties;
• can be painted in various colors;
• can be processed on machines - milling and polishing;
• does not collapse under ultraviolet rays.

Liquid plastic how to use

When using Cosmofen, the composition is applied to a cleaned and degreased surface. From the tube you need to squeeze the required amount of glue onto the junction of the plastic parts in a thin, even layer. You can smooth out the glue with a finger soaked in acetone, but first you must wear rubber gloves. But there is no need to try to rub it into the joint. The composition is applied in small sections 30-40 cm long to prevent rapid hardening of part of the seam.

Water-based material for wood processing is applied with a brush, roller, or spray gun; polyurethane enamel is also used for painting all other surfaces. In any case, the manufacturer indicates the methods of application on the packaging of the material.

It is difficult to say which liquid plastic is the best; it all depends on the area of ​​application and the task being performed.

How to remove liquid plastic

If glue accidentally gets on the plastic parts of a double-glazed window, you can remove it with a thin blade and then clean the area with a special solvent.

Drops of aqueous liquid plastic can be easily cleaned with water before they dry. Dry paint particles can also be removed with the tip of a knife or similar tools.

On a metal surface, liquid plastic, if we are talking about Cosmofen, is removed using solvents, and its dried substance is easily removed in the form of a film, because the adhesion of this material to metal is zero.

Advantages and disadvantages of polyester coating

Pros:

• Cheapness. The procedure is “put on a conveyor belt”, so production is much cheaper than analogues.
• Wide range of applications. Polyester can be used both for critical structures that are under constant load, and for external facade surfaces, roofs, roofing, etc.
• Simple manufacturing algorithm. If you make a polyester polymer coating to order, the price will not be much higher.
• Ease of processing and design. You can cut, bend, and make welding connections without loss of quality and characteristics. The weight of such polymer coatings is almost equal to the weight of the original metal workpiece.
• Large range of varieties and colors. Any shape of profile section, any color, any set of properties and characteristics of polyester.

Minuses:

• The need for surface renewal and diagnostics. If the coating is not regularly inspected, the chance of breakage or cracks increases, since a sudden change in temperature or pressure can compromise the integrity of even the highest quality polymer.
• Strict operating conditions. It is necessary to strictly observe the conditions of temperature limits, pressure, humidity.
• Relatively low service life. If we take certain types of analogues, the service life of polyester is 5-10 years lower.
• Limited set of components. Unfortunately, not all materials can be combined with metals through polymerization. Therefore, sometimes other types of compounds are used, which are more expensive and lose their properties faster.