Home parquet, laminate, wooden furniture, concrete and other surfaces are subject to various loads and strength tests during long-term operation. Spilled liquids, sharp utensils, and any other impacts cause serious damage to expensive coatings. To provide high-quality and reliable protection to such surfaces, polyurethane varnish is used. This material is easy to apply, it has a high drying rate, and the film has a high degree of strength.
General characteristics and properties of polyurethane varnish for wood
Polyurethane varnishes for wood have proven themselves to be the most durable and reliable coatings for any type of wood. They are based on hydroxy acid and alkyd-urethane resins mixed with aliphatic hydrocarbons, special additives or dyes. The special formula of the polymers that make up the material ensures their rapid hardening and, when the components react, contributes to the formation of a film with excellent elasticity, strength and moisture resistance.
Main properties of polyurethane varnish for wood:
- Consumption – on average 60–100 ml per 1 m².
- Drying speed – from 4 to 12 hours touch-free at a temperature of + 25 °C.
- Durability – at least 10 years.
- Heat resistance – up to 110 °C.
The main purpose of polyurethane varnish for wood is decorative and protective varnishing of wooden surfaces that are subject to increased operating loads. It is widely used for treating floors, stairs, countertops, furniture, doors, and window frames. The composition can be applied to products that were previously coated with polyurethane, nitrocellulose or alkyd materials based on organic solvents.
general information
The popularity of wood in the interiors of houses and apartments is rapidly increasing again. Products made from natural wood are aesthetic, practical, and easy to process. Using parquet boards you can highlight the interior. Parquet flooring is used both in country houses and in apartments of new buildings. But despite all the advantages, wood has many disadvantages - wood is not resistant to moisture, does not withstand the effects of technical and chemical liquids, and changes geometry with climate changes.
In order to avoid all these consequences, you should protect the wood with polyurethane floor varnish. It is easily applied to any product and forms a durable protective film with a glossy shine. Parquet varnish not only provides reliable protection for a wooden floor, but also simplifies its maintenance.
These coatings are also used with concrete, as well as on other mineral surfaces. The composition penetrates very deeply into the pores, due to which the surface is strengthened.
Types of polyurethane varnishes
Modern industry produces a wide range of polyurethane varnishes for wood, differing in content, color and degree of gloss. Based on their preferred end result, buyers can choose a clear polyurethane-based varnish or a product with pigments that impart a specific hue to the wood.
Depending on the chemical composition, the material is of two types:
- One-component – liquid polyurethane varnish (often water-based) that can be applied to the surface without prior preparation.
- Two-component – a product consisting of a polymer base and a hardener. Before application, its components are mixed together according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Based on appearance, the compositions are:
- Glossy – they give the room an attractive look, especially if, after drying, they are polished with special polishing pastes. However, scratches and other defects are clearly visible on a glossy finish, so it is not advisable to use them in rooms with high mechanical load. Semi-gloss and silky-glossy compositions are distinguished as varieties of such varnish.
- Matte - look good in rooms with diffused light. Using this polyurethane varnish for wood, you can hide the imperfections of the floor and the consequences of unskilled processing. In addition to directly matte varnish, manufacturers offer semi-matte and silky-matte materials.
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Classification by gloss level allows users to select polyurethane varnish for wood according to their preferences or overall interior design.
In the TBM-Market online store you can find any types of these products and choose the most suitable option at competitive prices. We offer customers exclusively high-quality products supplied by such well-known manufacturers as Hesse and Lignum.
Color palette
There are different polyurethane varnishes on sale depending on the type of decorative coating they create on the surface. So there are semi-gloss, semi-matte, glossy, matte products; this criterion does not affect the reliability of the layer.
But the glossy layer highlights any flaws in the base, so the surface preparation will have to be done very carefully.
If operating conditions require frequent exposure to chemicals, then it is better to choose a matte effect. Usually varnishes are colorless, but there are tint types that can change the shade of wood, refine the base, and make the necessary option for the overall interior design.
There are compositions that can be tinted to obtain the desired color after application.
Usually varnishes are clear, but there are tinted types that can change the shade of the wood.
Advantages of polyurethane varnishes
In recent years, polyurethane varnishes for wood have been in high demand on the market because they have excellent performance characteristics and reliably serve for many years. The barely noticeable lash formed after their application does not allow moisture to pass through and protects the wood from mechanical stress. After processing, the material spreads evenly over the base and is well absorbed into the pores of the wood, without interfering with the “breathing” of the wood surface.
It is worth mentioning that polyurethane varnishes are a good solution for giving the interior a presentable look, as they create a perfectly smooth coating and emphasize the natural grain of the wood.
The main advantages of polyurethane varnishes for wood include:
- good adhesion - the varnish adheres firmly to the surface and does not peel off even when applied to a polished base;
- resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage - the product is not afraid of impacts and retains its original appearance for many years;
- resistance to aggressive environments – products coated with polyurethane wood varnish can be cleaned with household chemicals;
- moisture resistance – varnishes do not allow water to pass through and reliably protect the wood from swelling;
- lack of odor both during application and after drying, which allows the compositions to be used in the bedroom or children's room;
- economical - do not require multiple applications (1-2 layers are enough).
Choice
When choosing a coloring composition, the following are taken into account:
- humidity;
- service life;
- level of mechanical impact;
- wood type;
- compatibility of paint with previous types of materials.
To paint wood you need a brush. Polyurethane paints are noticeably better than other coloring compounds. Excellent surface appearance and durability are the main advantages of this composition.
Disadvantages of polyurethane varnishes
The popularity of polyurethane varnish for wood among consumers is largely due to the fact that it has virtually no disadvantages. The only disadvantages of the material include:
- fear of alcohol and alcohol-containing products (if they come into contact with the coating, permanent stains may appear);
- quite high cost;
- short life cycle of two-component varnishes (after mixing they must be used within 12 hours).
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Where is it used?
Painting with this paint can be done in:
- hangars and warehouses;
- agricultural facilities;
- public places of residential premises;
- production workshops;
- service stations;
- car washes.
The product is used for floors in industries where work takes place that involves heating various materials. The surface will have a long service life.
According to reviews, such paints are used for painting floors, doors, and windows. After the procedure, any surface will retain its performance properties for a long time.
Varnish application technology
Before applying polyurethane varnish for wood, it is necessary to carefully prepare the surface - clean it of dirt and dust, sand it, remove lint and polish it. If the base is being treated for the first time, it is recommended to cover it with special synthetic impregnations, which will provide additional protection against fungus, microorganisms and mold.
To coat the surface with varnish, you can use brushes, a roller or a sprayer. Brushes and a roller are typically used on small surfaces (such as furniture), while a sprayer will be more effective on hardwood or hardwood floors. The technology for applying polyurethane varnish for wood includes several successive steps:
- Preparation of material. If a two-component polyurethane varnish is used, all its components are mixed together and left for some time to remove air bubbles (from 15 to 60 minutes).
- Applying varnish. First, the base is covered with the first layer of the composition. Next, take a break from work (usually at least 12 hours) so that the surface is completely dry. After drying, the wood is treated with sandpaper, dust is removed and a second layer of varnish is applied.
- The final stage. To make the coating look more impressive and last a long time, after the material has completely dried, it is coated with polishing pastes.
FAQ
How to apply polyurethane varnish with a spray gun?
To do this you need to make it more liquid. The universal recipe of masters is to dilute with water by 15% of the volume.
How to use two-component varnish correctly?
The basic rule is to cook in portions. The hardener may cause irreversible thickening within 30 minutes to 2 hours, making it impossible to apply the mixture. Manufacturers usually indicate the time during which the prepared varnish should be used.
The wooden floor became burred after being varnished with polyurethane varnish. What could be the reason?
Most often, such troubles occur either due to poor sanding or due to cheap varnish, to which little plasticizer has been added. You should not skimp on varnish if the floor in your house is made of boards or parquet.
I want to put a design on the floor. Is this done before or after the varnish?
Gluing stencils and painting is done before the first layer of varnish. Ornaments are fixed on top, like paint and oils.
Which brands have a good reputation?
Among polyurethane varnishes, the brands Zar Ultra, Adesiv, Rilak, Neo Lux, Berger have proven themselves well.
Polyurethane varnishes are an excellent solution for floors made of almost any material. The specific composition is selected to suit your needs and requirements. If you take into account the nuances, working with the coating will not bring any problems.
Recommendations for the use of polyurethane varnishes
Working with polyurethane varnishes for wood requires compliance with certain conditions. First of all, it is necessary to ensure a special temperature regime in the room where varnishing will be carried out. The air temperature should be no higher than + 25 °C and no lower than + 18 °C, humidity – in the range from 25 to 60%.
When working with a brush, polyurethane varnish is applied along the wood fibers. If a roller is used, the base is covered in a criss-cross motion, which will provide a more even, streak-free finish. When treating the floor, it is best to apply the varnish from window to door, leaving unpainted stripes so you can leave the room.
One-component compositions can be slightly diluted with an organic solvent at the rate of 5% for brushing and 15% for spraying. Two-component polyurethane varnishes for wood are prepared in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, otherwise you may end up with a mixture that is too viscous or hardens too quickly.
Before purchasing varnish, it is advisable to inform the seller about the conditions under which the wood will be used in the future. The TBM-Market store employs professional consultants who will answer any questions in detail and select the most suitable composition for you.
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