Rules for impregnation and treatment to protect wood from fire

A wooden house is good for everyone, except for one thing: wood burns well. This means that in the event of a fire, nothing will remain of the building. The construction of buildings from wood materials is impossible without special fire-resistant impregnations. Protection and fire protection treatment of a wooden house no less than antiseptic treatment is necessary. Manufacturers of timber and rounded logs impregnate lumber with fire retardants, but before construction begins, the wood treatment must be repeated. And periodically update it after moving into the house.

Fire retardant composition for a wooden house

Today, the Russian chemical industry offers many different fire-fighting compounds. Choosing a quality product among this abundance is quite difficult. Experts in the field of wood fire protection recommend using impregnations from the Pirilax series , developed by. These compositions are characterized positively by professionals and are currently one of the most effective fire protection products on the market. The Pirilax composition effectively prevents wood fire[2]. In addition, these compositions are safe for animals and people.

Fire retardant compounds for wood "Pirilax" contain non-washable antiseptics, which at the same time allows you to preserve the beauty of the wood and improve the performance characteristics of the wooden structure.

Properties of fire retardant varnish

This paint and varnish material has all the properties for fire protection, as well as its functional purpose - for decorative application. When choosing this product and using it, the structure of the wood is preserved.

Fire-resistant varnish impregnation is used not only for processing the wood from which the structure is built, but also for coating furniture, wooden floors, laminate and other surfaces.

The main properties of this varnish include the following:

the composition for wood ensures the fire resistance of the structure for a period of 6 to 10 years;
Can be applied to a previously painted surface, except for a pre-applied water-based coating;
Work with fire-resistant varnishes must be carried out at a temperature of at least +5 degrees;
wood treatment after application increases fire protection;
Fire protection varnish can be matte or semi-matte.

This fire-bioprotective impregnation is fully compatible with non-expanding materials. In this case, there is no need to additionally apply a layer of antiseptic.

Treating wood with a fire retardant compound

The compositions should be applied to clean, unpainted wood using a brush, roller or spray. After impregnation, the wood should not be subjected to mechanical processing, as this will lead to a loss of protective properties. Attention! Treatment of prepared wood with the selected fire-retardant (fire-bioprotective) composition must be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions!

The tree will be reliably protected from fire after a single treatment with Pirilax at a consumption of 280 g/m2. Fire protection work with Pirilax impregnations can be carried out at low temperatures down to -25°C. To do this, the composition must be heated to 50-60°C or diluted with hot water in a ratio of 1 kg of impregnation per 0.5 kg of water[3].

Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”
Biopyren "Pirilax" characteristics and description
Features of the use of biopyrene "Pirilax"

Types of impregnations

The fire retardant composition for wood is selected based on the following parameters:

Areas of use;
appointments.

In total, there are 3 types of impregnations against accidental fires or fires of wood materials: acid, alkaline, salt. In this case, specialized fire retardants, paints, varnishes or enamels are used for surface treatment of wood. After their application, a thin layer is formed. Aqueous salt solutions are used for deep processing of structural elements.

Although these methods are widely used in practice due to their effectiveness, fire-prevention treatment is very successful. It not only meets fire safety requirements, but also fully guarantees:

ensuring a high level of protection;
long-term processing efficiency;
consistency in color choice;
compatibility with almost all further coatings;
safety for both nature and people or animals.

Acidic compounds

This is the best solution for impregnating wood against fire. In this case, the color of the material does not change, and its structure remains the same. The acidic agent provides additional strength to the structural element, while the wood “breathes” and fully retains its properties. A huge range of products is available in retail outlets.

Alkaline compounds

The effectiveness of using such impregnations is low due to the disruption of the wood structure, so they are not recommended for treating visible areas. Such compositions are commercially available and their price is low compared to acid solutions.

Saline solutions

These formulations are not as effective. After treatment, salt stains appear over time, which not only spoil the appearance of the tree, but it becomes necessary to carry out the treatment again. As a rule, for external work the validity period of such coating is no more than 2 years, and for internal work - no more than 5 years.

It’s easy to prepare saline solutions yourself; the only drawback is that you can’t calculate the proportions.

Fire-retardant impregnation of wood on any basis contains substances that melt when ignited, forming a thin film, which in turn creates an obstacle to oxygen. Impregnation compositions based on alkalis, when in direct contact with fire, produce gases to prevent the persecution or spread of fire.

A preparation based on urea or furan-urea resins has gained great popularity, since it provides not only fire resistance, but also direct resistance to the perception of mechanical loads.

Among other things, the fire retardant drug is divided into:

resistant to external manifestations - for outdoor work;
unstable to atmospheric factors - for interior work.

Today there is a whole range of fire retardants on sale, which provide fire protection properties.

Fire retardant efficiency groups

The fire-retardant efficiency of wood is established as follows. A sample of wood (dry) is taken and treated with a fire retardant. The sample is exposed to fire for a certain time. Next, the mass loss is calculated. Based on the results obtained, the sample is assigned a group, namely:

I – weight loss is no more than 9%. This includes fire-resistant wood.

II – weight loss from 9 to 30%. This group includes fire-resistant wood.

III – weight loss greater than 30%. Low level of fire protection . Products classified in this group cannot be considered fire retardant, since they are not able to give the desired result.

Examples of completed fire protection work

Fire protection of wooden structures in the Serebryany Bor complex in the Klinsky district

Basic SNiP, GOST for fire protection of wooden structures Treatment of wooden structures with a fire retardant composition Frequency of treatment of wooden structures Fire protection of wooden structures

TekhStroyGarant carried out fire protection of wooden structures in the Sports and Recreation Complex (PHC) and Congress. A large volume of laminated wood structures were treated with fire retardant compounds from the manufacturer NORT, which were coated with fire retardant varnish.

additional information

Wood processing is necessary, and there is also other important information about this:

Fire retardant materials for wood, despite their relatively high price, quickly pay for themselves, especially since their consumption per 1 m2 is not so high. This characteristic is indicated by the manufacturer. In addition, it also contains an antiseptic.
The drug intended for processing must have a certificate of conformity.
Fire retardant treatment at enterprises is carried out by specialized organizations.
The layer impregnated with a fire retardant composition will last a long time.
The resulting fire will not affect all structures.
The purchased drug should not be skimped on when applied, otherwise the desired effect will not be ensured.

Fire protection of wood. Experiment (1 video)

Fire retardants of different brands (22 photos)

Main tasks and scope of application

Before carrying out fire protection treatment, it is necessary to decide where it will be used and what functions it will perform. The main objectives of this event include: protection from ignition of objects made of wood, stopping the spread of flame and its passive localization at the initial stage of development. Fireproof impregnation for wood is carried out on the following elements: floors, walls, roof rafter systems, lumber in storage. Also on private and low-rise buildings.

Comparative analysis before and after treatment with a fire retardant

Fireproofing impregnation for wood - advantages

Cost - no matter how much you pay for this procedure, it will cost you several times less than a completely burned house .
A wide range of compositions differing in the method of application and compositional characteristics. For each type of structure, a specific tool is provided.
Simplicity of the event - fire impregnation of wooden structures can be carried out independently, without the involvement of specialized services, which will save your budget.
High degree of protection - in case of fire, the building can char, but not burn.
Availability - this composition can be purchased at any construction department.

About prices

Impregnation is the cheapest and most accessible way to treat a room in order to protect yourself, your property and prevent unwanted claims from the Fire Supervision inspector. But you need to choose a fire safety product carefully, including focusing on price. A high price does not always mean the same characteristics and fire protection capabilities; sometimes the price includes the cost of brand promotion. Therefore, when choosing impregnation, look at the level of fire protection, other technical characteristics and compare them with other materials and prices from competitors.

Advantages and disadvantages of aqueous flame retardants

The main advantages of such compositions include: •fast drying time; •safe for humans; •without smell; •easy to apply; •available on the market; •are inexpensive.

But there are also disadvantages. Aqueous compounds penetrate to a shallow depth, so they only protect the top layer of wood. The treatment must be repeated periodically, since over time the salts disintegrate and the flame retardants lose their properties. And such impregnations cannot be used for wood that comes into contact with water.

Experts classify such flame retardants according to the degree of washability: non-washable, difficult to wash away, washable and easy to wash away. Mostly, washable and easily washable fire retardants are used in the construction of houses. The reason is simple - their ease of use and more affordable cost. In private construction, in addition, moderate fire protection treatment of a wooden house is used. There is no point in using more effective, more expensive formulations.